Child Abuse Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Kid Abuse - Research Paper Example Kids are a gift from God and merit love simply like any other individual. Notwithstanding, in the ongoing past numerous explores have demonstrated that few kids are being manhandled. This should come as an awful news particularly in this 21st Century where the adolescent structure a huge level of the populace. As indicated by certain analysts like Besharov et al (2001), there are numerous cases which go unreported, continuous or distorted. As indicated by stop it now (www.stopitnow.org) a world association that forestalls youngster misuse, reports that 33% of young ladies and almost 1 of every seven young men encounters sexual maltreatment while measurements recommend from research propose that solitary 12% to 30% of the cases are accounted for. Families for the most part deny kid maltreatment inside their homes. In one of the cases detailed in stop it now, one lady had been explicitly mishandled by his sibling yet she stayed silent inspired by a paranoid fear of being murdered, in the wake of detecting that her niece will fall in a similar snare she at last announced the issue to their family yet the family didn't trust her thus no one made a move on that case. Most influential individuals go unreported in the event that they are found mishandling youngsters since individuals think that i ts difficult to talk awful things about them. Since about all states passed the obligatory laws requiring any speculated youngster maltreatment to be accounted for, kid misuse cases has been on the ascent. This outcome as a rule being accounted for which are unmerited (Besharov et al., 2001). Melissa (2009), says that kid misuse can be viewed as any demonstration that causes physical body injury, mental or passionate torment. These demonstrations makes enduring the youngster and now and again might be sufficiently unsafe and in the end may prompt passing or perpetual harm of casualties.

mr Essays (236 words) - Political Philosophy, Politics, Nazism

Authoritarianism in the Soviet Union, Italy, and Germany (coincidentally, every one of my articles are not very inside and out on the grounds that we need to compose 2-3 600 word expositions consistently!) An extremist government is a cutting edge imperious system in which the state controls all periods of society. It not just looks to control the practical and political parts of society, yet additionally attempts to coordinate the every day lives of its residents. Tyranny endeavors to impact the mentalities, convictions, and assessments of its kin through control of the press and the media. It shows youngsters to esteem their bodies more than their psyches, therefore making a politically lazy mass of law-acclimating manikins. Its definitive objective is to build up hoard media. Like most other authoritarian systems, Italy under Mussolini additionally utilized numerous demonstrations of savagery to guarantee political control and wipe out any progressive connivances. In the mean time , in Germany, Hitler made the totalitarianistic Nazi Party. Like the other extremist frameworks, Nazi Germany came about on account of its guarantee of financial and political dependability. Once more, to the detriment of such security was the destruction of singularity. Hitler accomplished more than controlling the broad communications and requesting severe order and congruity of his citizen's. He voiced threatening vibe towards fanciful adversaries to fortify his authoritarian thoughts of patriotism and Aryan predominance. He reprimanded the Jews for the entirety of Germany's monetary inadequacies and firmly advocated enemy of Semitism. His utilization of savagery

Astronomy 101 - Early History of Astronomy

Stargazing 101 - Early History of Astronomy Stargazing is humanitys most seasoned science. Individuals have been looking into, attempting to clarify what they find in the sky presumably since the main human-like cavern inhabitants existed. Theres an acclaimed scene in the film 2001: A Space Odyssey, where a primate named Moonwatcher overviews the sky, taking in the sights and considering what he sees. Its reasonable that such creatures truly existed, attempting to understand the universe through their eyes. Ancient Astronomy Quick forward around 10,000 years to the hour of the main developments, and the most punctual cosmologists who previously made sense of how to utilize the sky. In certain societies, they were clerics, priestesses, and different elites who considered the development of divine bodies to decide customs, festivities, and planting cycles. With their capacity to watch and even estimate heavenly occasions, these individuals held incredible force among their social orders. This is on the grounds that the sky stayed a riddle to a great many people, and as a rule, societies put their divinities in the sky. Any individual who could make sense of the riddles of the sky (and the hallowed) must be pretty important.â Be that as it may, their perceptions were not actually logical. They were increasingly reasonable, albeit to some degree utilized for ceremonial purposes. In certain human advancements, individuals expected that that heavenly items and their movements could predict their own fates. That conviction prompted the now-limited act of soothsaying, which is a greater amount of an amusement than anything scientific.â The Greeks Lead the Way The old Greeks were among the first to begin creating speculations about what they found in the sky. Theres much proof that early Asian social orders likewise depended on the sky as a kind of schedule. Unquestionably, guides and voyagers utilized the places of the Sun, Moon, and stars to discover their way around the planet.â Perceptions of the Moon recommended that Earth, as well, was round. Individuals additionally accepted that Earth was the focal point of all creation. At the point when combined with the scholar Plato’s statement that the circle was the ideal geometrical shape, the Earth-focused perspective on the universe appeared to be a characteristic fit.â Numerous other early eyewitnesses accepted the sky were actually a mammoth crystalline bowl curving over Earth. That view offered route to another thought, clarified by cosmologist Eudoxus and scholar Aristotle in the fourth century BCE. They said the Sun, Moon, and planets held tight a lot of settling, concentric circles encompassing Earth. No one could see them, however something was holding up the divine articles, and undetectable settling balls were as acceptable a clarification as whatever else. Albeit supportive to antiquated individuals attempting to understand an obscure universe, this model didn't help in appropriately following the movements planets, the Moon, or stars as observed from Earths surface. In any case, with hardly any refinements, it remained the dominating logical perspective on the universe for another 600 years. The Ptolemaic Revolution in Astronomy In the Second Century BCE, Claudius Ptolemaeus (Ptolemy), a Roman space expert working in Egypt, included his very own inquisitive development to the geocentric model of settling crystalline balls.â He said that the planets moved in impeccable circles made of something, joined to those ideal circles. All that stuffâ turned around Earth. He called these little circles epicycles and they were a significant (if mistaken) presumption. While it wasn't right, his hypothesis could, in any event, foresee the ways of the planets genuinely well. Ptolemys see remained the favored clarification for an additional fourteen centuries! The Copernican Revolution That all changed in the sixteenth century, when Nicolaus Copernicus, a Polish space expert feeling burnt out on the unwieldy and loose nature of the Ptolemaic model, started chipping away at his very own hypothesis. He thought there must be a superior method to clarify the apparent movements of planets and the Moon in the sky. He guessed that the Sun was at the focal point of the universe and Earth and different planets rotated around it. Appears to be sufficiently basic, and extremely consistent. In any case, this thought clashed with the Holy Roman churchs thought (which was to a great extent dependent on the flawlessness of Ptolemys hypothesis). Truth be told, his thought raised him some ruckus. That is on the grounds that, in the Churchs view, humankind and its planet were consistently and just to be viewed as the focal point of all things. The Copernican thought downgraded Earth to something the Church didnt need to consider. Since it was the Church and had expected control ov er all information, it applied pressure where needed to get his thought discredited.â Yet, Copernicus persevered. His model of the universe, while still mistaken, did three fundamental things. It clarified the prograde and retrograde movements of the planets. It removed Earth from its spot as the focal point of the universe. Also, it extended the size of the universe. In a geocentric model, the size of the universe is constrained with the goal that it can rotate once like clockwork, or, in all likelihood the stars would get threw off because of radiating power. In this way, perhaps the Church feared in excess of a downgrade of our place known to man since a more profound comprehension of the universe was changing with Copernicuss ideas.â While it was a significant positive development, Copernicus’ hypotheses were still very lumbering and uncertain. However, he made ready for additional logical comprehension. His book, On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies, which was distributed as he lay on his deathbed, was a key component in the start of the Renaissance and the Age of Enlightenment. In those hundreds of years, the logical idea of space science turned out to be amazingly significant, alongside the development of telescopes to watch the sky. Those researchers added to the ascent of stargazing as a particular science that we know and depend upon today. Edited via Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Stereotypes about Homelessness in America in Dumpster Diving by Lars Ei

Generalizations about Homelessness in America in Dumpster Diving by Lars Eighner Lars Eighner's short article, Dumpster Diving, uncovers the generalizations about vagrancy in America. So as to affirm these known generalizations about American culture, Eighner incorporates self-portraying records of the monetarily sub-par class, just as uncovering his elitist decides that administers the life of a vagrant. As indicated by Eighner, vagrants fall into the accompanying classifications, 'can scroungers', 'Dumpster jumpers', and 'foragers.' (Eighner, 1993). What's more, Eighner's obtrusive show of his prevalence over the individuals he searches from uncovers his actual character of vainglory. Despite the fact that Eighner uncovers that his picked way of life was to live on another's shelter, he kept as per his demonstrations of prevalence and snootiness by barring himself from the expression Dumpster Diving. Instead, he wanted to be known as a scrounger as a result of its forthrightness in the term. (Eighner, 1993). Besides, Eighner, clarifies that there are rules to submit to when effectively searching through dumpsters, utilizing the senses†¦knowing the dumpsters of a given area†¦. [and] Why was this disposed of? It is the clarification of the three rules Eighner states to be better than 'can scroungers' (Homeless individuals who scavenge through the dumpsters for cash). The creator further explains his highbrow character by uncovering that he has attempted the grievous way of life of can scroungers, and reasoned that lone a couple of dollars could be acquired. Besides, Eighner states, one can separate the necessities of life from the dumpsters straightforward ly with far less exertion than would be required to gather what might be compared to jars. (Eighner, 1993). The creator stereoty... ...ghner, 1993). It is the creators conviction that shoppers know about their utilization, just as acknowledge how inefficient they are with food all in all For the understudies who don't fit into Eighner's inefficient class, he presents a gathering of cheap buyers who, cautiously wrap up even the littlest leftover[s] and push it into the rear of the cooler for a half year or so before disposing of it (Eighner, 1993). Through the article, Dumpster Diving, Eighner dazzles his prevalence by showing unengaged individuals and their need to finish certain assignments the writer is adept at. His scorn and impudence of students†¦ Eighner's self-portraying paper shows the corruption vagrants indure, yet his own pretentiousness of people around him Works Cited Eighner, Lars. Dumpster Diving. http://www1.broward.edu/~nplakcy/docs/dumpster_diving.htm

Explain how the electron microscope has affected our knowledge of cell form and structure Essay Example

Clarify how the electron magnifying instrument has influenced our insight into cell structure and structure Essay Example Clarify how the electron magnifying instrument has influenced our insight into cell structure and structure Essay Clarify how the electron magnifying instrument has influenced our insight into cell structure and structure Essay Electrons are created in an electron firearm, which applies a high voltage of around 100,000 volts through a fiber called a tungsten fiber. The fiber is warmed to over 3000 degrees Kelvin, which is around 3273 degrees Celsius. Applying an expanding negative voltage to a cathode get together, which is found simply over an anode plate, quickens the electrons. The anode plate has a little opening in its inside, the electron bar is sent through this gap making an exceptionally thought light emission. This shaft is engaged utilizing attractive curls that demonstration like the condenser focal points that you find on a light magnifying instrument. The example is on a plate simply over a second attractive loop, which goes about as a goal focal point. The target focal point settle the structure and amplifies it somewhat. Centering the example can be accomplished by adjusting the electric flow through the viewpoint. Progressively attractive loops go about as projector focal points, which amplify the picture. All examples in electron microscopy are put in a vacuum, this implies all examples must be dead. All examples must be in a vacuum chamber in light of the fact that the electrons would be avoided by particles noticeable all around thus would not give an unmistakable picture. (A sheet has been joined at the back, which shows the structure of an electron magnifying lens). The transmission electron magnifying lens takes an area of an example and goes electrons through it. In any case, first the example must experience 5 phases of readiness. 1. Obsession and lack of hydration utilizing liquor. 2. Implanting in sap which is solidified in a stove. 3. Separating utilizing a ultramicrotome and a glass blade. 4. Mounting on a copper framework to give support (electrons can't go through glass). 5. Recoloring utilizing substantial metal stains to improve differentiate. Another method of getting ready slides is to utilize the freeze break procedure. The example is solidified utilizing fluid Nitrogen. The example is then hit with e etch, which makes the example break along the line of least opposition. Thusly permits surface detail to be seen. Not all examples should be segmented, infections and huge particles are sufficiently flimsy to be analyzed without waiting be separated in any capacity. These stages may incite antiques to be available in the electronmicrograph. Ancient rarities are highlights which can be seen in cells arranged for microscopy which don't show up, all things considered, they can be brought about by disturbance in the cell. The picture can be seen on a fluorescent screen. The picture is highly contrasting except if the example has been recolored to deliver a shading picture. Micrographs are set up by permitting the electrons to fall on photographic paper. Examining electron magnifying lens just produce an output of the outside of a cell, it can't infiltrate the inside of the cell. The electrons are bobbed of the example as opposed to going through it. This method will give a 3D picture of the example. This can be helpful when taking a gander at infection or bacterial cells. In the event that we wish to contemplate a specific organelle, we don't need to examine the whole cell under a magnifying instrument to do as such, utilizing cell fractionation and centrifugation, we can isolate the various organelles from one another thus we can consider them independently. Cell fractionation permits us to see the exercises of organelles without impedance from every other response occurring in the phone. First the tissue is finely hacked up and afterward it is put in a cool isotonic cradle with the goal that the cells and organelles are misshaped as meager as could be expected under the circumstances. The cells are then torn open utilizing a homogeniser. A homogeniser is a smaller than expected blender that can fit down a bubbling cylinder. The completed item once the tissue has been homogenized is called homogenate. The homogenate is then sifted to evacuate any cells, which have not been torn open. The homogenate is moved to a rotator. Centrifugation is utilized to isolate various organelles from one another. The cell homogenate is spun at various speeds and times. As the homogenate is spun, the pieces of the cell start to isolate out to deliver a pellet of segments in the base of the cylinder. The homogenate, which doesn't turn out to be a piece of the pellet is known as the supernatant. The supernatant would then be able to be poured off and the substance spun again at speeding up and times to make more organelles and cell segments separate from one another. The cores will isolate out first, trailed by mitochondria, Lysosomes, Peroxisomes, Microsomes, ER and ribosomes. These examples can be set up as ordinary and considered utilizing electron microscopy When examining cells and their parts, electron magnifying instruments are wanted to light magnifying instruments for a wide range of reasons. Light magnifying instruments must be utilized if the amplification is under x1500 though an electron magnifying lens can amplify pictures will above x1500. Electron magnifying lens have a goals intensity of 2nm, light magnifying lens can possibly separate two items separated in the event that they are 2?m separated. If you somehow managed to build the amplification of a picture on an electron magnifying lens, the picture would become more clear, however in the event that you did likewise with a light magnifying lens, the picture would obscure. Due to these three realities, the main things obvious with a light magnifying lens are cores and cell dividers and layers, electron magnifying instruments give us the capacity of seeing all organelles, which make up a cell. Without these advances in microscopy, we would not have the option to see the ultra structure of cells, or even know whether it existed. Nor would we recognize what reason they had inside the cell. We would not realize that mitochondria have a twofold layer, with the internal one collapsed into cristae. Or then again that it is the site of ATP combination and contains its own round strands of DNA. Conceded we may have had the option to arrive at the resolution that the core controlled the cell responses, yet we would not comprehend what completed those responses. In the event that we didnt have electron magnifying lens we would not realize that microscopic organisms and single celled creatures are not quite the same as different cells. Without electron microscopy, we would not recognize what befell old cells, they would seem to disappear! Due to this innovation we currently know a lot about what occurs inside a cell, and what job cells play in our lives.

Writing Consultant of the Year, Emily Churchill Richmond Writing

Writing Consultant of the Year, Emily Churchill Richmond Writing This year, as we have done annually for a long time, the faculty recognize a graduating Senior who has impressed us with the assistance provide to student writers. Emily Churchill has an additional honor: she received three simultaneous nominations from the faculty shes assisted, a record in our programs history. Emily is from Lancaster, Pennsylvania, with majors in LALIS Global Studies, and a minor in Women, Gender, and Sexuality studies. She was first recommended to be a writing consultant by Dr. Aurora Hermida-Ruiz when she was a student in her FYS section, Time the City of Seville. That summer, she had the opportunity to travel with Dr. Herimda-Ruiz to Seville for five weeks on a summer study abroad program.   Dr. Stephen Long in Political Science and Dr. Olivier Delers in The Department of Languages, Literatures, and Cultures also nominated Emily for work in their classes. Throughout her time at Richmond, Emily studied abroad a total of six times, including two summers in Seville, a summer in Morocco, an academic year in Granada, Spain, a civic fellowship in Ecuador, and a one-week trip to Santiago, Chile with Dr. Pribbles Latin American Politics class.   On campus, she served as the Study Abroad Peer Advisor in addition to serving as a Writing Consultant. As she told me, Both positions have allowed me to mentor underclassmen and form lasting connections with the Richmond community.    My long-term plan is to take a few years to travel, do research, and work in NGOs before pursuing a PhD in Hispanic Studies. I hope to write fiction in addition to producing academic research throughout my career. This summer she will be working in San Isidro, Costa Rica with the organization, Amigos de las Americas, which provides service-learning trips for high school students.   I want to congratulate Emily for her hard work and thank all the Consultants and Faculty who were nominated and who will return to campus to work with student writing again in the Fall.

10 Most Common AP Calculus AB Mistakes (and How to Avoid Them!)

The AP Calculus AB exam is no walk in the park. The problems are challenging, and you really have to be on your toes to avoid errors. Here are the ten most common AP Calculus AB exam mistakes, and what you can do to avoid them. Everyone makes mistakes. Image by dingler1109. Top 10 AP Calculus AB Exam Mistakes In no particular order, here are the most common mistakes that I have seen students make on the exam. 1. Not Showing Work This is probably the most common as well as the most serious mistake in the list. As you know, the AP Calculus AB exam has a Free Response (FR) section. In order to score points for your answers, you must show your work. Simply writing down a final answer is not good enough. For more information about the Free Response section, check out these helpful tips to conquering AP Calculus Free Response questions 2. Crossing Out Good Work Suppose you spent the last ten minutes furiously working out the solution to a free response problem, only to discover that your final answer doesnt make sense. Maybe you feel like balling up the test paper and throwing it away. Relax, take a deep breath, and DONT ERASE OR CROSS OUT YOUR WORK! Even if the answer is incorrect, your work may earn you partial credit. Every point counts on this exam, so leave all of your work for the graders to see. 3. Average Velocity is Not an Arithmetic Mean When you see the word average on the AP Calculus AB exam, do start adding up things and dividing. Instead, the average velocity is a measure of change in position over change in time. For example, if f(t) = t2 is the position function for an object, then the average velocity on the interval [1, 3] is: 4. Forgetting the Constant of Integration When you take an indefinite integral (antiderivative), you must tack on that + C at the end. This is especially important in initial value problems, where you must eventually solve to find the value of C. 5. Everything Distributes! A very common mistake in beginning calculus students is to misuse the Distributive Law of algebra. For example, we all know that 3(x + y) = 3x + 3y. Thats the correct context for distribution multiplication distributes over addition. But dont go crazy and try to distribute other things that are not multiplication. Some of the expressions in the list do simplify, but not by distributing. For example, (x + y)2 = x2 + 2xy + y2, and ex+y = exey. 6. Omitting dy/dx in Implicit Differentiation Implicit differentiation can be tricky. You have to remember that there are slightly different rules for x and y. You have to treat an expression of y as if there is some unknown function in place of y. That means youll need to do a Chain Rule, and thats where that extra factor of dy/dx comes in. 7. Parentheses Matter In any formula in which you have to subtract a quantity, pay close attention to your grouping. For example, suppose f(x) = x3 + 5, and g(x) = 2x2 8. What is the expression for f g? If you said x3 2x2 3, then unfortunately youve fallen into this common trap. You have to subtract the entire expression for g, not just the first term. That means youll need a set of parentheses around g. lets see the correct way to do it. 8. Natural Log is Not 1/x I always put the following True/False question on my calculus tests. The answer is False. The two expressions are not interchangeable. Instead, the correct relationship is that one is the derivative of the other: 9. Integrals and Logarithms Related to Mistake 8, we may know that the integral of 1/x is ln(x) + C. But this doesnt mean that the integral of 1/f(x) would be ln(f(x)). Usually, other techniques or rules must be used in those cases. For example, , not: ln(x2 + 1) + C. 10. Forgetting to Use the Product Rule Now I know if youre taking an AP Calculus Exam, your teacher has drilled into your head the proper use the the product, quotient, and chain rules. However, its easy to slip up on the test. For example, if you are doing a related rates problem, and you have to find the derivative of r2h with respect to time t, then you must use product rule. Conclusion Hopefully after reviewing these 10 Calculus AB exam mistakes, youll be able to avoid them on the test! Of course this list is not comprehensive. Find out what calculus errors you tend to make and take steps to correct them before the exam.

Hydraulic Fracking And Its Consequences - 1903 Words

Hydraulic Fracking and its Consequences Natural gasses are one of the most desirable and needed resources in the world today. As the population and technology continue to get larger the need for natural gasses continues to steadily increase. With the need for natural gasses increasing the industry continues to expand their techniques and means to acquire natural gas. The use of hydraulic fracking is receiving most of the attention of today’s natural gas industry much of which is negative. This paper not only discusses the process of fracking but the benefits and disadvantages that come along with its use. Its main purpose is not how fracking works but looking into what follows the fracking process and challenging your stance on the issue by using ethical theories to support and negate issues that are brought up by the use of fracking. While challenging your position on fracking I will explain why we should find an alternative to fracking due to our ethical obligations. Michael MacRae from ASME says that the first traces of fracking occurred as far back as the 1860’s but that hydraulic fracking surfaced in the year 1949 being patented by Halliburton throughout the initial years. Since then there have been many modifications and every company uses hydraulic fracturing in different ways. The large amounts of press fracking have been receiving started around the year 2000 when oil companies began exploring the nation’s shale formations. The use of horizontal drilling made muchShow MoreRelatedHydraulic Fracturing Is Risky And Dangerous For The Environment1153 Words   |  5 Pagesof Flint did. Well there is. Everywhere there is Hydraulic Fracturing, there is a risk that your tap water will become polluted. Hydraulic Fracturing is risky and dangerous for the environment and not worth the benefits of natural gas. Hydraulic Fracturing is a process that involves drilling a well and injecting water at high speeds to break up rocks and minerals underground and allows natural gas to flow out to be collected, according to Hydraulic Fracturing Should be Banned written by the FoodRead MoreThe Effects Of Fracking On The Climate And Societies Across America1101 Words   |  5 PagesThe Consequences of Fracking 1. Introduction Fracking, does it have more consequence or benefits? Well first let me explain what fracking is. Fracking is formally known as (Hydraulic Fracturing), an exceedingly confrontational procedure commonly used today to extort oil and natural gas from the earth. Many exponents of fracking congratulate the encouraging economic impacts and job creations. But they fail to recognize the effects fracking have on the climate and societies across America. OneRead MoreFracking : A Controversial Controversy1486 Words   |  6 PagesFracking is a highly controversial practice that utilizes the injection of water, chemicals and abrasives to extract relatively inaccessible pockets of natural resources. Although fracking has the potential to benefit the domestic economy, the practice of hydraulic fracturing, if left unregulated and mismanaged poses significant risks to the environment, the ecosystem and safety. Fracking has become a highly controversial and publicized topic in recent years due to rising concerns into the potentialRead MoreThe Issue Of Hydraulic Fracturing1444 Words   |  6 PagesHydraulic Fracturing One of the hottest new issues that has arisen to the forefront of the battle between environmentalists and the energy industry, where the health of future generations is set against our energy needs and economic growth, is the issue of hydraulic fracturing, or fracking as it is colloquially called. 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The hope of being able to access fossil fuels trapped inside layers of shale deep beneath the Earth’s surface was achieved by the process of fracking, developed in 1903 (energyindepth.com). Over the last century, hydraulic fracturing has become an efficient and environmentally friendly way to access the natural gas needed to meet the United States’ high demands. With the condition of the environment rapidly deteriorating, theRead MoreThe Consequences Of Fracking . Introduction:. Fracking,1130 Words   |  5 PagesThe Consequence s of Fracking Introduction: Fracking, does it have more consequence or benefits? Well first let me explain what fracking is. Fracking is formally known as (Hydraulic Fracturing), an exceedingly confrontational procedure used for the extraction of oil and natural gas. Many exponents of fracking congratulate the encouraging economic impacts and job creations. But they fail to recognize the effects fracking have on the climate and societies across America. As stated by, AlexanderRead MoreEssay Hydraulic Fracturing Must be Reformed1457 Words   |  6 Pagesunearthed by a controversial method of extracting natural gas, called hydraulic fracturing, or fracking. A Healthy alternative to the fossil fuels we so frivolously use is now more critical than ever. With an overwhelming amount of negative effects on the population and the environment, hydraulic-fracturing releases dangerous chemicals into unwanted areas, endangering many ecosystems, and harming many social institutions. Fracking is the process in which high-pressured fluids are injected up to 1,000Read MoreFracking Technology On Extraction Of Shale Gas And Oil Essay1041 Words   |  5 PagesFracking technology. What are the environmental and health issues related to fracking technology on extraction of shale gas and oil? Unconventional gas and oil extraction process known as hydraulic fracturing, hydrofracking or fracking is a technique used to extract shale gas and oil, on which high pressure fluid is injected, mainly water, containing sand, chemicals or other granular materials which are pumped with a fluid medium under pressure into rock, so that fractures formed in this processRead MoreFracking : Fracking And Its Effects On The Environment1286 Words   |  6 Pages Hydraulic fracturing, commonly referred to as fracking, is a widespread practice in the United States. Fracking is a method used to extract oil and natural gas. Scientists and citizens report detrimental side effects of hydraulic drilling. New York and Vermont have banned fracking statewide. Maryland has set a two year moratorium on fracking, so that more research can be done to show the impacts of fracking on the environment. Nationwide, many other cities and counties have banned fracking as well

Rodeo by Jane Martin Analysis Free Essay Example, 1000 words

However, the moment when large companies such as Coca-Cola, Pepsi Cola, and Marlboro decided to buy this kind of entertainment and turn it into a commercial sport has changed the situation dramatically. As a consequence, the symbolism of clothing also receives new forms in the story. If the first part of the story informs the reader about the traditional set of clothes for the traditional rodeo participants, the second part gives one the opportunity to see significant changes in the clothing of the rodeo players that symbolizes a sharp departure from traditions and acceptance of commercial politics. Becoming a commercial show, rodeo determines the appearance of "some guy in a bankers suit, " who "runs the rodeo now" (n. p.). The focus on the development of the popularity of the show among the wide public leads to the fact that the participants’ clothes become the element of a commercial promotion of the rodeo. In an effort to attract the viewers attention, the host of the sho w starts wearing "a pinky ring and a digital watch. " In turn, following this logic, the players should "ride around dressed up like Mickey Mouse, Pluto, crap like that. " In other words, the main task is to contribute to the maximum promotion of rodeo as a commercial sport. We will write a custom essay sample on Rodeo by Jane Martin Analysis or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now If before rodeo was presented as a kind of national entertainment and it â€Å"wasnt worth no money to nobody†, now rodeo is primarily a way to earn money and get popularity (n. p.). The woman’s adherence to traditional rodeo determines her surprise and bewilderment for those innovations that characterize the stage of commercialization of the rodeo. For this reason, she does not understand the validity of the appearance of the clowns who she sees only as astronauts. Their clothes full of different "pinstripes" and other accessories also seems strange for Big Eight, because traditionally the rodeo had nothing of this. The negative perception of the clothing is determined by the fact that for the Big Eight, it does no have any useful function but rather the contrary, since the women saw that the clown’s costume made the horse fear and as a result, the rider got squashed. One might argue that the fact that the rodeo has turned into a commercial sport should be evaluated positively because financial capacity allowed rodeo and its players to get wide popularity and huge acceptance among the audience. In particular, television has become one of the ways that have made the rodeo one of the most famous and popular shows among a wide audience.

Its Only Natural Essay - 1478 Words

It is only natural that human beings have always been fascinated in what makes them who they are and what characteristics of themselves set them apart from other people. Behaviorists on the other hand believe there is nothing more in where they grew up because their theory is human nature can be completely understood by the laws intrinsic in the innate environment. Psychologists influence one another and trigger theories for additional experimentation. Some psychologists do not care about other’s theories while some battle other’s theories. Not many scientists believe the behaviorist theory is as encompassing as it once was thought to be. One cannot completely dismiss the outcome the environment has on behavior neither the function it†¦show more content†¦Some debate that ones environment is responsible for mental capabilities; therefore, alcoholism could be from ones environment or biologically passed. For instance, John Does parent is an alcoholic and noticed the heavy drinking consumed at parties. This could steer John Doe to an altered mental, emotional, and physical condition (biological factors). As teenagers develop they are subjected to mixed messages and peer pressure. Teenagers will experiment to see what they like and do not like. For the teenagers that opt out, they are likely to be harassed, tormented, and even bullied, thus causing them to withdraw from social interaction and form introversion. In this section, three main points will be discussed on how evolutionary, biological-genetic, and environmental factors have an effect on the development of an aggressive personality. First, peer relationships especially during middle school can influence in the development of aggression. The failure or success rate of developing peer friendships during adolescence is a direct indication of the learning that is identified with early parent and child interaction. Consequently, the individual stages from birth through adolescence are like building blocks. It is essential that each block is just as strong as the last one because it has to support the next block (stage). This means if a child has a positive sense of worth then the childs mood is expected to be friendly, thus interactionsShow MoreRelatedBreyers Ice Cream Product Swot1672 Words   |  7 Pagesmade with all natural ingredients. Whether you are enjoying Breyers all natural vanilla ice cream with birthday cake, having your f avorite pie al a mode or just having your favorite flavor in a cup or cone it is undeniable that nothing is better than indulging into a sweet craving with Breyers. Breyers has been creating smiles and fulfilling family traditions for over 140 years. 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Some believe the second amendment to be a natural right, a gun advocate—SnyderRead More Pollution Essay: Don’t Blame Me for Global Warming1033 Words   |  5 Pagesstemming from global warming. This makes no sense; with the facts and information that we have received over the years they still support this preposterous idea. Humans do nothing to contribute to global warming; the irregular climate events are just natural occurrences. These occurrences are no stranger to our history either. (â€Å"Global Warm Up†)(â€Å"An Inconvenient Truth†) The most recent case of significant warming was between the years 1850 and 1940. 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History And Traditions Of Egyptian Fashion - 3371 Words

Ancient Egypt is one of the civilizations that have been studied for decades, and is one of the most well known in regards of early advancements. During 3000 - 300 BC Ancient Egypt was at its peek in fashion and developed many clothing and accessories that aided them for survival that is still seen in todays culture. When referring to Egypt, it is said that the word Egypt evokes the name of three women as if by magic: Hatshepsut, Nefertiti and Cleopatra. Although these women are from different generations and times, the three of them all represent the history and traditions of Egyptian fashion. Mila Contini, author of Fashion: From Ancient Egypt to the Present Day notes that women in ancient Egypt was always honored and treated with respect, and because of that Hatshepsut, Nefertiti and Cleopatra were seen as the definition of Egyptian culture. Hatshepsut was the daughter of Pharaoh Thutmosis I and during her lifetime was said to have shared the throne with her father during his life time. After her fathers death, Hatshepsut had married her half-brother Thutmosis II, and after his death, she had resigned over the land. Hatshepsut was also noted as having changed her sex, Contini mentions that Hatshepsut â€Å"wore on her chin the false beard of the Pharaohs, and on monuments and bas-reliefs had herself represented without breasts, like a warrior†. Hatshepsut was a leader in mens clothes, something that was very different at the time. Image 1 is an example of the popularShow MoreRelatedTerm Paper1235 Words   |  5 PagesThe History of Wigs In ancient Egypt, both males and females wore wigs made either from human hair, sheeps wool or vegetable fibers, depending upon their social status. There were a number of benefits for Egyptians from shaving their heads. First it was more comfortable in the hot Egyptian climate not to have hair. Secondly, a baldhead helped avoid the danger of an infestation of lice, which was a problem at that time. However, it appears that Egyptians preferred having hair which resultedRead MoreThe Mathematics Of A Large Nutshell959 Words   |  4 Pagesanalysis of the mathematical culture of different societies in history. The section â€Å"The History of Mathematics in a Large Nutshell† provides an interesting discussion of Greek mathematics. The mathematics of the culture both influenced and was influenced by the culture of the society. The Greeks were most likely the most important historical society in the Western world. They spread their vast knowledge and affected the mathematical trad itions of the world. According to Greek historians, their mathematicalRead MoreThe Great Flood ( China )979 Words   |  4 Pagescorpus of antiquated Egyptian funerary writings, no such manuals from Mesopotamia point of interest the great beyond and the spirit s destiny passing. Rather, antiquated Mesopotamian perspectives of life following death must be sorted out from a mixture of sources crosswise over distinctive classifications. In extra to having a place with diverse sorts, the hotspots for Mesopotamian convictions in the great beyond originate from the particular periods in Mesopotamian history like every single socialRead MoreThe Colonization Of Egypt During The Middle East1460 Words   |  6 Pagesthe theme of colonization. The British colonization of Egypt is very similar to the French colonization of Morocco during the 19th century. Despite the negative connotations imperialism has in history, after reading the novels, in the long run colonization has given more opportunities to the lives o f Egyptians and Moroccans, especially women, in the terms of individual freedom. Throughout her work Fatima Mernissi makes it clear that gender roles played an important role in her household particularlyRead MoreZionisms Greatest Conceit Essay1594 Words   |  7 PagesZIONISM’S GREATEST CONCEIT For a people whose traditions and rituals originate from the age of Egyptian pharaohs, modernity can be a relative term. The Jewish people have one of the oldest traditions of any culture on earth and have been a part of nearly every major civilization, from the ancient Egyptians, to the Persians, Romans, Byzantines, Ottomans and British empires. Over the centuries, they have traditions both of successful self-governance but also of persecution, hostility and exileRead MoreArab Music Essay810 Words   |  4 PagesArabian theory. 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Critique on Constraint-Based Approaches for Balancing Bike-Sharing Systems Free Essays

Summary: The article, â€Å"Constraint-Based Approaches for Balancing Bike-Sharing Systems† by Gaspero, Rendl, Urli (2013) focuses upon a new business activity taking place in busy cities, known as the bike-sharing system. While cities are crowded and it is often difficult for pedestrians to walk long distances, the bike-sharing system enables people to rent bikes from bike stations positioned in various places across the city, ride to their destination, and then return the bike to another bike station in close proximity. However, there is often a management problem in the bike-sharing system which leads to customer dissatisfaction as customers located in hilly or suburban areas take bikes from stations in close proximity of these areas but then take the bikes to the busy city centres and park at a station there. We will write a custom essay sample on Critique on Constraint-Based Approaches for Balancing Bike-Sharing Systems or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thus, this leaves the bike stations in these areas empty as hardly any customers return their bikes to these stations. Accordingly, customers in these areas face inconvenience and the demand for bikes in these areas is not met appropriately. Moreover, customers in the busy city centre areas face problems of parking their bikes as the bike stations in city centres are full and customers often have to go in search of an available spot to park their bikes. Thus, this problem develops a need for the development of a solution to optimize the meeting of demand and to ensure that customers are provided with maximum convenience. Accordingly, this situation results in a need for balancing the bike-sharing system so that all of the bike stations are equally equipped with bikes for customers and no station is left overloaded or empty. The solution found for this was through an overnight bus route by management of the bike-sharing service which picks up bicycles from certain stations and places them elsewhere in order to balance out the bike-sharing system and ensuring that the system is able to provide customers with convenience and meet demand appropriately. The article uses two constraint-based approaches focusing upon popular routes and demand for bicycles in order to determine the most optimal tours and operating instructions in order to relocate bikes appropriately and efficiently. The article first makes use of constraint programming and two novel constraint models in order to find the most promising routes for the balanced bike sharing system. Then the article emphasizes upon the Large Neighbourhood Search approach and compares it with the previous Branch and Bound approach in order to determine which method is most suitable for designing an optimum tour plan for relocating bicycles. The article concludes that the combination of constraint propogation and neighbourhood search is an effective method to increase the performance of the tour. Moreover, the solution found emphasizes upon limiting the size of the neighbourhood which will enable reaching low-cost solutions very quickly. While the authors of the study have currently used a quantitative approach for this article, they have mentioned a desire to conduct future quantitative research by exploring different variants of the Large Neighbourhood Search including employing different stopping conditions and acceptance criterions. The authors have also labelled one element of the problem as the dynamic variant of the BBSS problem which the authors wish to study in the future. This variant includes the aspect of when bikes are moved from independently from one station to another during rebalancing which results in variable target values and variable station loads over time. Critique: The article, â€Å"Constraint-Based Approaches for Balancing Bike-Sharing Systems† is focused upon a unique topic for which there is not an immense amount of previous literature available. The authors have explored an aspect of business activity that exists in the contemporary business environment but is relatively new to customers and users and has not previously been discussed to a large extent in business research. Thus, the article provides a beneficial explanation of an existing problem and offers a thorough explanation of the problem. However, the article focuses upon a very narrow topic and is only specifically centred around the problem of bike-sharing systems. Thus, the findings of the study cannot be generalized in other areas and may not be highly useful in the contemporary business environment as they are only catering to a niche activity (Delamont Atkinson, 2010). The language used in the article is simple and self-explanatory which enhances the understanding of readers and enables them to comprehend what the authors are aiming to deliver and the problem that they are aiming to solve. However, while the authors make the explanation of the problem vividly clear, the solution they offer is of a highly complicated quantitative nature. Thus, as soon as the article launches into its computations, the reader is likely to get confused and may also lose interest in the article (Alston Bowles, 2012). Moreover, the article does not clearly illustrate its results and does not offer a thorough and simple explanation of what the authors have found and what their findings mean. Thus, it may be difficult for the reader to comprehend the authors’ findings and what benefit the article has given to readers related to the topic in question. Accordingly, there are various other approaches that the authors could have used in order to enhance the level of comprehension of the article and increase its usefulness for ordinary readers. The first alternative suggested approach for the authors of this article was to adopt a qualitative methodology consisting of interviews with the customers of the bike-sharing systems and gain in-depth knowledge of the prevailing problem and suggested solutions. However, there may be some limitations to using this methodology which include confirming the validity of the results and analyzing or measuring data. The quantitative approach allows the authors to appropriately measure and analyze data and confirm that the results obtained are authentic and valid. Using qualitative data may mean that the results obtained may contain elements of interviewer or respondent bias (Flick, 2009). Another alternative approach that the authors could have used consists of conducting a thorough literature review on the topic which could have helped increase reader understanding and retain reader attention. However, the main problem involved in adopting this approach lies in the fact that this topic may not have an expanse of literature available for analysis and it may have been difficult for the authors to gather this level of information. The authors could have still enhanced understanding of this study by including more previous literature or including related topics to the analysis (Daymon Holloway, 2010).The authors could have also opted to simplify the quantitative analysis and use simple statistical measurements in order to enhance reader understanding and comprehension. Methods such as regression, descriptive statistics, and other statistical measures could have been used instead of complicated heuristics calculations. This would have enabled readers to understand the fi ndings in a better manner and improve comprehension (Liamputtong Ezzy, 2006). However, the article was well-written and thoroughly explained which enhanced reader attention and enabled comprehension. Moreover, the calculations enhanced validity and authenticity of the results and enabled the appropriate calculation of the information needed. The methodology of the paper could have been simplified and the structure could have been improved with further sub-headings and a broader literature review (Denzin Lincoln, 2011). Thus, while the article had certain shortcomings it also had quite a few strengths in the sense of the level of expression, the level of understanding, and the quantitative analysis conducted. However, the authors of the study can improve the clarity and comprehension of the study by incorporating the recommendations mentioned and the authors should also expand upon the section on further research and include further ideas for future research. Suggestions for Further Work: The authors of this study can further conduct research upon other methods of transport or can replicate this study by implementing a qualitative methodology in the future. The authors can also conduct research on other new business activities and possibly choose topics which cater to a vaster market rather than only catering to a niche business activity. References Liamputtong, P., Ezzy, D. (2006).Qualitative research methods. New York: Oxford University Press. Daymon, C., Holloway, I. (2010).Qualitative research methods in public relations and marketing communications. Routledge. Denzin, N. K., Lincoln, Y. S. (Eds.). (2011).The SAGE handbook of qualitative research. Sage. Miller, T., Mauthner, M., Birch, M., Jessop, J. (Eds.). (2012).Ethics in qualitative research. Sage. Flick, U. (2009).An introduction to qualitative research. Sage. Alston, M., Bowles, W. (2012).Research for social workers: An introduction to methods. Allen Unwin. Delamont, S., Atkinson, P. (Eds.). (2010).SAGE Qualitative Research Methods. SAGE Publications Limited. Method of Gathering Data: The literature gathered for this critique was gathered from journals, books, and online sources. Particular keywords were used in order to find relevant sources for this critique and emphasis was given upon finding sources regarding qualitative and quantitative analysis. The literature used for this critique was thoroughly read, examined, and relevant points were extracted in order to form an analysis for the article in question. How to cite Critique on Constraint-Based Approaches for Balancing Bike-Sharing Systems, Essay examples

Critique on Constraint-Based Approaches for Balancing Bike-Sharing Systems Free Essays

Summary: The article, â€Å"Constraint-Based Approaches for Balancing Bike-Sharing Systems† by Gaspero, Rendl, Urli (2013) focuses upon a new business activity taking place in busy cities, known as the bike-sharing system. While cities are crowded and it is often difficult for pedestrians to walk long distances, the bike-sharing system enables people to rent bikes from bike stations positioned in various places across the city, ride to their destination, and then return the bike to another bike station in close proximity. However, there is often a management problem in the bike-sharing system which leads to customer dissatisfaction as customers located in hilly or suburban areas take bikes from stations in close proximity of these areas but then take the bikes to the busy city centres and park at a station there. We will write a custom essay sample on Critique on Constraint-Based Approaches for Balancing Bike-Sharing Systems or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thus, this leaves the bike stations in these areas empty as hardly any customers return their bikes to these stations. Accordingly, customers in these areas face inconvenience and the demand for bikes in these areas is not met appropriately. Moreover, customers in the busy city centre areas face problems of parking their bikes as the bike stations in city centres are full and customers often have to go in search of an available spot to park their bikes. Thus, this problem develops a need for the development of a solution to optimize the meeting of demand and to ensure that customers are provided with maximum convenience. Accordingly, this situation results in a need for balancing the bike-sharing system so that all of the bike stations are equally equipped with bikes for customers and no station is left overloaded or empty. The solution found for this was through an overnight bus route by management of the bike-sharing service which picks up bicycles from certain stations and places them elsewhere in order to balance out the bike-sharing system and ensuring that the system is able to provide customers with convenience and meet demand appropriately. The article uses two constraint-based approaches focusing upon popular routes and demand for bicycles in order to determine the most optimal tours and operating instructions in order to relocate bikes appropriately and efficiently. The article first makes use of constraint programming and two novel constraint models in order to find the most promising routes for the balanced bike sharing system. Then the article emphasizes upon the Large Neighbourhood Search approach and compares it with the previous Branch and Bound approach in order to determine which method is most suitable for designing an optimum tour plan for relocating bicycles. The article concludes that the combination of constraint propogation and neighbourhood search is an effective method to increase the performance of the tour. Moreover, the solution found emphasizes upon limiting the size of the neighbourhood which will enable reaching low-cost solutions very quickly. While the authors of the study have currently used a quantitative approach for this article, they have mentioned a desire to conduct future quantitative research by exploring different variants of the Large Neighbourhood Search including employing different stopping conditions and acceptance criterions. The authors have also labelled one element of the problem as the dynamic variant of the BBSS problem which the authors wish to study in the future. This variant includes the aspect of when bikes are moved from independently from one station to another during rebalancing which results in variable target values and variable station loads over time. Critique: The article, â€Å"Constraint-Based Approaches for Balancing Bike-Sharing Systems† is focused upon a unique topic for which there is not an immense amount of previous literature available. The authors have explored an aspect of business activity that exists in the contemporary business environment but is relatively new to customers and users and has not previously been discussed to a large extent in business research. Thus, the article provides a beneficial explanation of an existing problem and offers a thorough explanation of the problem. However, the article focuses upon a very narrow topic and is only specifically centred around the problem of bike-sharing systems. Thus, the findings of the study cannot be generalized in other areas and may not be highly useful in the contemporary business environment as they are only catering to a niche activity (Delamont Atkinson, 2010). The language used in the article is simple and self-explanatory which enhances the understanding of readers and enables them to comprehend what the authors are aiming to deliver and the problem that they are aiming to solve. However, while the authors make the explanation of the problem vividly clear, the solution they offer is of a highly complicated quantitative nature. Thus, as soon as the article launches into its computations, the reader is likely to get confused and may also lose interest in the article (Alston Bowles, 2012). Moreover, the article does not clearly illustrate its results and does not offer a thorough and simple explanation of what the authors have found and what their findings mean. Thus, it may be difficult for the reader to comprehend the authors’ findings and what benefit the article has given to readers related to the topic in question. Accordingly, there are various other approaches that the authors could have used in order to enhance the level of comprehension of the article and increase its usefulness for ordinary readers. The first alternative suggested approach for the authors of this article was to adopt a qualitative methodology consisting of interviews with the customers of the bike-sharing systems and gain in-depth knowledge of the prevailing problem and suggested solutions. However, there may be some limitations to using this methodology which include confirming the validity of the results and analyzing or measuring data. The quantitative approach allows the authors to appropriately measure and analyze data and confirm that the results obtained are authentic and valid. Using qualitative data may mean that the results obtained may contain elements of interviewer or respondent bias (Flick, 2009). Another alternative approach that the authors could have used consists of conducting a thorough literature review on the topic which could have helped increase reader understanding and retain reader attention. However, the main problem involved in adopting this approach lies in the fact that this topic may not have an expanse of literature available for analysis and it may have been difficult for the authors to gather this level of information. The authors could have still enhanced understanding of this study by including more previous literature or including related topics to the analysis (Daymon Holloway, 2010).The authors could have also opted to simplify the quantitative analysis and use simple statistical measurements in order to enhance reader understanding and comprehension. Methods such as regression, descriptive statistics, and other statistical measures could have been used instead of complicated heuristics calculations. This would have enabled readers to understand the fi ndings in a better manner and improve comprehension (Liamputtong Ezzy, 2006). However, the article was well-written and thoroughly explained which enhanced reader attention and enabled comprehension. Moreover, the calculations enhanced validity and authenticity of the results and enabled the appropriate calculation of the information needed. The methodology of the paper could have been simplified and the structure could have been improved with further sub-headings and a broader literature review (Denzin Lincoln, 2011). Thus, while the article had certain shortcomings it also had quite a few strengths in the sense of the level of expression, the level of understanding, and the quantitative analysis conducted. However, the authors of the study can improve the clarity and comprehension of the study by incorporating the recommendations mentioned and the authors should also expand upon the section on further research and include further ideas for future research. Suggestions for Further Work: The authors of this study can further conduct research upon other methods of transport or can replicate this study by implementing a qualitative methodology in the future. The authors can also conduct research on other new business activities and possibly choose topics which cater to a vaster market rather than only catering to a niche business activity. References Liamputtong, P., Ezzy, D. (2006).Qualitative research methods. New York: Oxford University Press. Daymon, C., Holloway, I. (2010).Qualitative research methods in public relations and marketing communications. Routledge. Denzin, N. K., Lincoln, Y. S. (Eds.). (2011).The SAGE handbook of qualitative research. Sage. Miller, T., Mauthner, M., Birch, M., Jessop, J. (Eds.). (2012).Ethics in qualitative research. Sage. Flick, U. (2009).An introduction to qualitative research. Sage. Alston, M., Bowles, W. (2012).Research for social workers: An introduction to methods. Allen Unwin. Delamont, S., Atkinson, P. (Eds.). (2010).SAGE Qualitative Research Methods. SAGE Publications Limited. Method of Gathering Data: The literature gathered for this critique was gathered from journals, books, and online sources. Particular keywords were used in order to find relevant sources for this critique and emphasis was given upon finding sources regarding qualitative and quantitative analysis. The literature used for this critique was thoroughly read, examined, and relevant points were extracted in order to form an analysis for the article in question. How to cite Critique on Constraint-Based Approaches for Balancing Bike-Sharing Systems, Essay examples

What Is Really Meant by Success free essay sample

We are different individuals with different views and ideas about a certain matter. And every time we are asked about our dream in life, we often say that we want to be successful In life. The question Is what is meant by success? When can we say that you are already successful? Our professor (Maam Jimenez) asked this during our last class prior to our examination in her class. We had focuser our own definitions and indicators of success. Well, some of my classmates said that we can fled success In fulfillment with hat we do, with material things, having a stable work and with happiness.I silently answered that success is having reached the goals we have set. Still, the question keeps on stirring my inner thoughts. I suddenly came into a deep thinking about it. SUCCESS Is defined as the (1 ) achievement of Intention: the achievement of something planned or attempted; (2) attainment of fame, wealth, or power: impressive achievement, especially the attainment of fame, wealth, or power; (3) something that turns out well: something that turns out as planned or Intended. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Really Meant by Success? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The first definition deals on the fulfillment of our goals and endeavors. It says that once we have reached these goals, there is already success. Yes, for whatever we do today is In connection with what we want in life. We always aim to fulfill and to reach our dreams In life, and so success comes upon achievement of such. They drive us to move further, taking the rough and rocky road, until we met the road of success. The second definition focuses on worldly things which are not that Important In life but are needed In order to survive. Either admit It or deny It, but we usually associate success with these material things. If you are rich, famous and powerful, you are successful. Its shameful to say but these are actually our indicators of success most of the time. Sometimes, the aim or desire for these dictates us to do things by hook or by crook. It can be a motivation to strive harder but let us not be blind with these material things. We need them but let us not be their slaves. The third definition Is Just a shallow definition of the word success. But It can also be likened with the first one.Its Just that in here, as long as something turns well, heres success. If you happened to solve a puzzle for example, you have succeeded. On the other hand, achievement Is something bigger and meaner. According to T. S. Eliot (1888 1965), U. S. -born British poet and playwright, success of every failure and mistake is success. Applying what we have learned from those undertakings and using them as weapon in achieving our purposes in life. Another quote about success which is worth remembering is that of Booker T. Washington (1856 1915), U. S. Educator and political activist, which says that, I have earned that success is to be measured not so much by the position that one has reached in life as by the obstacles which he has had to overcome while trying to succeed. We also have from a British hotelier, Charles Forte, who said in one of his interviews that, I may be wealthier than most but I still believe that real success is simply being able to put in a good days work And then go to sleep knowing that you have not-?and will not-?cause anything wrong to happen to anyone else. And bear in mind that failure comes with success as Tatty.

Great Gatsby (559 words) Essay Example For Students

Great Gatsby (559 words) Essay Great GatsbyThe Great Gatsby, a novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is aboutthe American Dream, and the downfall of those who attempt to reach itsillusionary goals. The attempt to capture the American Dream is central to manynovels. This dream is different for different people, but in The Great Gatsby,for Jay, the dream is that through wealth and power, one can acquire happiness. To get this happiness Jay must reach into the past and relive an old dream andin order to do this he must have wealth and power. Jay Gatsby, the centralfigure of the story, is one character who longs for the past. Surprisingly hedevotes most of his adult life trying to recapture it and, finally, dies in itspursuit. In the past, Jay had a love affair with the affluent Daisy. Knowing hecould not marry her because of the difference in their social status, he leavesher to amass wealth to reach her economic standards. Once he acquires thiswealth, he moves near to Daisy, Gatsby bought that house so that Daisywould be just across the bay, and throws extravagant parties, hoping bychance she might show up at one of them. He, himself, does not attend hisparties but watches them from a distance. When this dream doesnt happen, heasks around casually if anyone knows her. Soon he meets Nick Carraway, a cousinof Daisy, who agrees to set up a meeting, He wants to knowif youllinvite Daisy to your hou se some afternoon and then let him come over.Gatsbys personal dream symbolizes the larger American Dream where all have theopportunity to get what they want. Later, as we see in the Plaza Hotel, Jaystill believes that Daisy loves him. He is convinced of this as is shown when hetakes the blame for Myrtles death. Was Daisy driving?Yesbut of course Ill say I was. He also watches and protectsDaisy as she returns home. How long are you going to wait? Allnight if necessary. Jay cannot accept that the past is gone and done with. Jay is sure that he can capture his dream with wealth and influence. He believesthat he acted for a good beyond his personal interest and that should guaranteesuccess. Nick attempts to show Jay the folly of his dream, but Jay innocentlyreplies to Nicks assertion that the past cannot be relived by saying, Yesyou can, old sport. This shows the confidence that Jay has in fulfillinghis American Dream. For Jay, his dream is not material possessions, although itmay seem that way. He only comes into riches so that he can fulfill his truedream, Daisy. Gatsby doesnt rest until his American Dream is finally fulfilled. However, it never comes about and he ends up paying the ultimate price for it. The idea of the American Dream still holds true in todays time, be it wealth,love, or fame. But one thing never changes about the American Dream; everyonedesires something in life, and everyone, somehow, strives to get it. Gatsby is aprime example of pursuing the American Dream. It is a marvelously written storywith multiple themes. It has been described as one of the best books to come outof the United States, and I cannot dispute this. It deals with the uttershallowness of society, and the morally corrupt underbelly of the rich and thepowerful. This is an excellent story that is recommended who have the time toread it.

Schindlers List Essays - Oskar Schindler, The Holocaust, Amon Gth

Schindler's List Thomas Keneally's Schindler's List is the historical account of Oskar Schindler and his heroic actions in the midst of the horrors of World War II Poland. Schindler's List recounts the life of Oskar Schindler, and how he comes to Poland in search of material wealth but leaves having saved the lives of over 1100 Jews who would most certainly have perished. The novel focuses on how Schindler comes to the realization that concentration and forced labor camps are wrong, and that many people were dying through no fault of their own. This realization did not occur overnight, but gradually came to be as the business man in Oskar Schindler turned into the savior of the Jews that had brought him so much wealth. Schindler's List is not just a biography of Oskar Schindler, but it is the story of how good can overcome evil and how charity can overcome greed. Schindler's List begins with the early life of Oskar Schindler. The novel describes his early family life in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and his adolescence in the newly created state of Czechoslovakia. It tells of his relationship with his father, and how his father left his mother. His mother is also described in great detail. Like many Germans in the south, she was a devout Catholic. She is described as being very troubled that her son would take after her estranged husband with his negligence of Catholicism. Oskar never forgave Hans, his father, for his abandonment of his mother , which is ironic considering that Oskar would do the same with his wife Emilie. In fact Hans and Oskar Schindler's lives would become so much in parallel that the novel describes their relationship as "that of brothers separated by the accident of paternity." Oskar's relationship with Emilie is also described in detail as is their marriage. The heart of the novel begins in October 1939 when Oskar Schindler comes to the Polish city of Cracow. It has been six weeks since the German's took the city, and Schindler sees great opportunity as any entrepreneur would. For Schindler, Cracow represents a place of unlimited possibilities because of the current economic disorder and cheap labor. Upon his arrival in Cracow he meets Itzak Stern, a Jewish bookkeeper. Schindler is very impressed with Stern because of his business prowess and his connections in the business community. Soon Schindler and Stern are on their way to the creation of a factory that would run on Jewish labor. Around this time, the persecution of the Jews of Poland begins with their forced relocation into ghettoes. This turns out to be timely for Schindler as now he is able to get very cheap labor. The next few years would go well for Schindler and his factory for they turned a great profit. In fact he made so much money that he is quoted as saying, "I've made more money than I could possibly spend in a lifetime." His workers were also very happy. This is because "Schindler's Jews" were treated as humans as opposed to being treated as animals. For them, working in Schindler's factory was an escape from the ghetto and from much German cruelty. They loved Schindler so much that his factory became known as a haven throughout the Jewish community. However, things began to go sour for Schindler, when the Germans ordered the liquidation of the ghettoes. Soon all of the Jews in the Cracow ghetto were relocated to the Plaszow labor camp. By this time Schindler had grown so affectionate toward his Jewish workers that he refused to hire Poles, and instead sought of a way to keep using the Jews that he had grown so accustomed to. As the Cracow Jews were relocated to the Plaszow labor camp, Oskar Schindler came into direct dealings with the camp's director, Amon Goeth. He did not like Amon, but he tried to get in on his best side in order to keep using his Jews in his factory. Amon agreed to let Schindler use them, and thus saving his Jews from some of the harshness of the Plaszow labor camp. As the war began to go badly for the Germans, they decided to accelerate their "final solution" by sending the Jews to more sinister concentration camps such as Auchwitz. This is when Oskar Schindler finally comes to the realization that he had the power to help his people. The now enlightened Schindler decides to use his entire fortune to buy the lives of the Schindlerjuden in order to save them from

Determination of the optimal level of production Essays

Determination of the optimal level of production Essays Determination of the optimal level of production Essay Determination of the optimal level of production Essay As we can see the determination of the break-even point provides valuable information to management. For instance, by comparing the targeted sales volume with the break-even point management can see the margin of safety of the firm. We have to remember that in the planning stage the forecasted sales revenue and costs are highly uncertain. Sales volume, for example, may drop due to an unforeseen competitors move. Costs may also be affected heavily by general increase in prices due to changes in governmental policy or other related factors.In view of the above management should also seek a sufficient margin of safety that provides reasonable assurance on the going concern of the firm in view of unanticipated changes. Economists extensively emphasize the determination of the optimal level of production. In this respect we will adopt the economist’s approach towards cost-volume profit analysis in determining the optimal level of production rather than the accountant’s approach. A break-even chart for an economist would appear as follows.The total cost and total revenue functions are non-linear. With respect to the total cost function the firm at low volumes of output experiences an increasing marginal cost2. Its effect however diminishes as output rises leading to a decreasing marginal cost. The reason behind the aforesaid effect of costs lies in the range of output covered by the economists approach. Unlike the accounting model, which has been utilised in the section 5. 1. 1, the economist’s model considers a wider range of output levels leading necessary the consideration of changes in factors of production efficiency.The effect on the form of the revenue function depends on the type of market structure the firm is operating in. Under the accounting model as shown in figure 5. 1 a straight line revenue function is the result of a firm operating under perfect competition3, thus being regarded as a price taker4. However, under the economists model in figure 5. 2 we considered imperfect market conditions whose revenue function is disturbed by marketing activities like promotion policies and competitive moves, leading to non-linear total revenue curve.The economic approach relies on the opportunity costs that comprise a normal rate of profit. This normal rate of profit is considered as the point that a firm is required to meet in order to continue operating. The normal rate of profit is shown as break-even point 1 in figure 5. 2. In view of the above, cost-volume profit analysis under the economist approach reveals the output level at which profit maximisation is achieved.At this output level the firm achieves the maximum short-run profits available in the market. Effective management should always try to reach the profit maximisation point in order to utilise the factors of production in the best way possible. In this respect cost-volume profit analysis also helps management to be effective in reaching the optimal activity level. Cost-volume profit analysis can also support management in the calculation of the most appropriate sales mix that leads to profit maximisation.Therefore it helps management to focus at the planning stage on the products that lead to the highest revenue. Let us further illustrate this point with the following hypothetical example: Let us assume that Auto Ltd. is engaged in the manufacturing of three types of cars, standard, off road and sport cars. The management of the company is analysing which are the most profitable products in order to focus their advertising and promotion activities on to meet or if possible even exceed the expected level of sales.The finance director of the firm stated that the business enterprise could afford to spend an additional ? 1,000,000 advertising expenditure during the year. This expenditure can be distributed on the products in accordance to the management discretion. For simplicity we will consider the effect of spending all this additional advertising costs on one product only. A useful tool that can be used in cost-volume profit computations is spreadsheets. Indeed an excel spreadsheet was used to calculate the cost-volume profit analysis both in units and in revenue.

Changing Nature of Journalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Changing Nature of Journalism - Essay Example One of the main themes of modern day journalism is ‘information’. New information continuously emerges through the prevailing news networks and journalists are faced with the challenging task of filtering out the most relevant and authentic information to present the most reliable information to their audience. Information flow has become so rapid that it is almost impossible to ascertain with confidence the true nature of any evidence that emerges. For this reason, journalists have to rely on their experience and knowledge to prevent spread of false information. A recent phenomenon that has shaped journalism is the development and spread of social networks that utilize internet. Since this is a two-way channel of information, journalism and journalists are faced with a novel situation. The older notion of ‘teaching’ the audience has transformed into the concept of ‘discussion’ that takes place between people and the journalists. This direct interaction has become a cause of concern for those journalists who were previously biased in their opinions or interpretations. Hence, the modern day journalism demands a high degree of impartiality on part of the journalists; a trend that should be

FOUNDATIONS OF OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT Coursework

FOUNDATIONS OF OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT - Coursework Example The office is small as it was the starting point of the business. The company had been trying to find a way to explore the potential clients at the sea side, but had been reluctant to work on a business plan or business strategy due to the presence of a huge number and variety of competitors already operating in that set up. Instead they have been focusing on building a brand name and customer loyalty through exceptional customer care. Due to this strategy the company had been fast in reaching their annual profit goal, in fact they have exceeded it. So, the board has decided that it is time to step in this potential market. The company’s resorts are already present there and are flourishing but research has shown that a small restaurant will attract a lot of foreign tourists and who could say no to a side profit. A business plan has already been made and approved, this plan includes financial planning, restaurant market research, cash flow forecast, competitor’s analysi s, human resource planning and a marketing plan. More than 70% of our surveyed foreigners focus group deduced having a liking to eat their homelands native food rather than trying new things even in foreign land. Due to already being able to deal with a lot of tourists our chefs are already specialized in foreign cuisine. This is a strength as compare to the potential competitors. Client satisfaction with services and the main menu has been and keeps on being of most extreme significance, yet our discoveries demonstrate that the lighting, bar, decor, and different alternatives to enhance the feasting experience are additionally figures in client choices and tourists are mainly attracted to such places. Cash flow for the next two year has been prepared starting from a huge outflow in the first three months in the preparation and setting up of the restaurant. Starting from cleaning of the already present

Apple Research and Innovation

Apple Research and Innovation HIRAL GOPIYANI Apple has been in the USA and world commercial center since 1975 and today it is one of the pioneers in innovation showcase in the USA. Some even say, Apple is for the most part Steven Jobs life as opposed to an organizations history. The Company offers its products worldwide through its on the web stores, its retail locations, its immediate deals drive, and outsider wholesalers, affiliates, and esteem included affiliates. The Organization pitches to shopper, little and moderate sized business, instruction, venture, government, and imaginative clients. The Company is focused on bringing the best individual figuring, convenient computerized music and versatile correspondence experience to buyers, and organizations. The Organizations business technique use its one of a kind capacity to outline and build up its own particular working framework, equipment, application programming. The Company accepts constant interest in innovative work to the advancement and improvement of creative pro ducts and Technologies. Apple is a multinational innovation organization that makes PC and PDAs in the superior class of the items. In this worry, the greatest achievement of the Apple Company was essentially worried with its advancement to get changes the items and fulfill the need of the necessities, needs and inclinations of the items. Encourage, the accomplishment of the Apple Company was likewise worried with its improvement of notoriety and brand name throughout the years at the worldwide level. In addition, the arrangements of principles to give most recent innovation consistently in the advanced cell classification were additionally an accomplishment of the Apple Company, for example, iPod, iTunes, and iPhone. Furthermore, every one of these executions of the Apple Company inside the association made an enormous client base and request of the PDAs These strategies of the Apple established a solid establishment of the nature of the innovation that pull in the greater part of the clients steadfastness and trust towards its innovation. On the opposite side, the greatest disappointment of the Apple Company was essentially worried with intermittent failings of haughtiness, and inward fighting. These circumstances diminish the deals and notoriety in the outer market. Facilitate, the nearsightedness was likewise one of the greatest elements of the Apple Company that lessens the request of the items by the clients and the greatest disappointment. Also, the iPhone classification by Smartphone that was essentially a top-notch class client did not pull in white-collar class clients or family to buy the products. Apples Success Back to its Culture The Apples accomplishment in the worldwide market is fundamentally connected straightforwardly back to its way of life where an abnormal state of administration took a choice about a large portion of the vital changes to fulfill the normal need and needs of the requested Apple ideas and items by the clients. Encourage, the outline and advancement of the items, for example, iPod, iTunes and iPhone in its inventive improvement of the innovative culture can be an example of overcoming adversity that changed the enthusiasm of the clients to be savvy with keen innovation. Encourage, the standards of sound administration of the association additionally added to the accomplishment of Apple comprehensively on the grounds that it keeps up a decent association with clients for long lasting. Moreover, the dedication of the Apple Company towards creation of the PCs can be likewise a win that brought an arrangement of standard in efficiency and execution with the clients and it is connected specifically back to its way of life of genuineness and steadfastness . In addition, the third era of new iPad can be characterized as coherence of the cell phones to pull in new clients consistently by presenting. It is a nature of Apple Company to present the smooth and easy to understand GUIs, and tidiness and additionally the effortlessness of the OS that is likewise an achievement of its way of life. Apple Actions apply to the TCOs Apple is fundamentally TCOs arranged Company that accentuates about administration and quality amid the item life cycle. Also, the Service and Quality of the Apple that gives general effects on the TCO is a key wonder on the planet to draw in clients. Assist, the high cost of the Apple items is additionally a piece of the TCOs activity in the aggressive commercial center. Promote, the enduring advancement and chips away at consumer loyalty course is the primary need of Apple in view of the training of the buyers towards innovation and mindfulness as a dependable band together with solid items. Besides, the activity of the Apple is likewise worried with continually puts out new updates to the product to evacuate snags. The nature of the results of Apple holds their estimation of the cost incredibly well; due to this individuals can offer the utilized Smartphone again to the following clients at profitable cost. The Apple products are loaded with expandable memory and individuals can build the smash and hard drive space as indicated by the need. The potentials of Apple have not been ideally exploited along these decades, instigating the requirement for change. Over the past decade, the organization has not enough addressed the requirement for diversification. In spite of that limited diversity of products and services enhances specialization and proficiency. This is in thought to the rapid increase in competition in the technology industry. Reference The Huffington Post. Retrieved http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ira-kalb/apple- -success-or-fa_b_8060310.html Retrieved http://www.itworld.com/article/2826944/it-management/apple-s-greatest-triumphs-and-worst-failures.html Steve Jobs. USA: The Obsession That Drives Apples Success

The Impact of Korean Tv Dramas on Taiwanese Tourism Demand

Tourism Economics, 2009, 15 (4), 867–873 Research note: The impact of Korean TV dramas on Taiwanese tourism demand for Korea HYUN JEONG KIM School of Hospitality Business Management, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-742, USA. E-mail: [email  protected] edu. MING-HSIANG CHEN Department of Finance, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, ROC. E-mail: [email  protected] edu. tw. HUNG-JEN SU Department of Management, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, ROC. E-mail: [email  protected] edu. tw. This study examines the effects of popular Korean TV dramas on Taiwanese outbound travel to Korea between 1997 and the end of 2005.The popularity of Korean TV dramas began with the drama Fireworks, first shown in Taiwan from July to September 2000. Based on that information, the data were divided into two subsamples: January 1997 to September 2000 and October 2000 to December 2005. The Chow tests revealed a significant structural change in the total number of Taiwanese visitors to Korea between the two sample periods. Additional analyses indicated that a significant structural change was attributable mainly to the increase in pleasure travel, further demonstrating the strong effects of Korean TV series in Taiwan.Empirical results support the concept of film-induced tourism. Keywords: TV drama; Korea; Taiwan; outbound travel; Chow tests Traditionally, South Korea has focused on exporting manufactured goods. However, recently, the country has become known for exporting entertainment products. In May 1994, the Korean Presidential Advisory Board on Science and Technology released its first report regarding the impact of digital technology on economic development. The report pointed out that the Hollywood film Jurassic Park generated revenue equivalent to foreign sales of 1. million Hyundai cars (Shim, 2002). The comparison between Hyundai cars and 868 TOURISM ECONOMICS Hollywood films drew the country’s attention to the imp ortance of media content to the national economy. Since then, the Korean government has declared the high value-added audiovisual industry as one of the national strategic industries for the next century. In 1995, the government enacted the Motion Picture Promotion Law, with incentives such as tax breaks to encourage corporations to invest in the film industry (Shim, 2002).Korean TV dramas did not travel much beyond the national border until the late 1990s. Along with the Korean government’s support for the film industry, Korean TV dramas began to be broadcast in Asia, the Middle East, Eastern Europe and Russia (Lin and Huang, 2006). The Taiwanese media coined the slogan ‘Korean Wave’ in 2001, in response to the phenomenal popularity of the Korean pop culture in Taiwan (Chang et al, 2005). Not only has Taiwan been engulfed by the ‘Korean Wave’, but also Japan, China, Singapore and Malaysia (Lin and Huang, 2006).The popularity of Korean TV dramas in T aiwan began with Fireworks, first aired in 2000. The programme was an enormous success and it was rerun several times over the years, thereby forming the foundation of the ‘Korean Wave’ in Taiwan (Sung, 2008). Since Fireworks, more than 100 Korean soap operas have been shown in Taiwan (Lin and Huang, 2006). The Korean TV programmes have led to a dramatic change in the negative image associated with Korea; for example, roughness, violence and a lack of cultural refinement (Sung, 2008).Taiwanese people are now more willing to purchase Korean consumer goods (Onishi, 2005), join an international trip to Korea (Onishi, 2005) or learn the Korean language (Sung, 2008). Lee (2005) argued that the popularity of Korean TV dramas and movies overseas could launch a second economic boom for South Korea, particularly benefiting the entertainment and tourism industries. Lee (2005) stated that according to the export statistics of South Korean TV dramas, Taiwan was a leading importer ( 24. 5%), followed by Japan (19%), China (18. 6%) and Hong Kong (3. %). Accordingly, this study tests the influence of the popularity of Korean TV series in Taiwan on the number of Taiwanese tourists travelling to Korea. Although previous studies have discussed the effect of films on tourism (Tooke and Baker, 1996; Riley et al, 1998), no formal statistical tests have been performed to examine the significant increase in visitation and there has been no focus on a specific overseas audience. Taiwanese tourism demand for Korea: from 1980 to 2005 Geographically, South Korea and Taiwan are very close to each other.After World War II, both countries perceived each other as political allies until the early 1990s. For 12 years (1980–1992), the number of Taiwanese visitors to Korea increased gradually from 76,995 to 302,184, with an average annual growth rate of 14. 59% (see Figure 1 for the monthly travel flow from Taiwan to Korea). However, in August 1992, Korea severed diplomatic t ies with Taiwan to pursue its relationship with China. In 1993, the travel flow collapsed dramatically, by almost 60%, after the end of the political relationship.The low Taiwanese demand for travel to Korea lasted about eight years (1993– 2000), with a negative annual growth rate of –8. 84%. Taiwanese tourism demand for Korea Total outbound departures 800,000 700,000 600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 0 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 1 869 1 2 3 4 Taiwanese tourist arrivals to Korea 50,000 1 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 2 3 4 Figure 1. Monthly time series of total Taiwanese outbound departures (all countries) and total Taiwanese tourist arrivals in Korea: 1/1980–12/2005.Note: Dotted line 1 – end of political relationship between Korea and Taiwan (8/1992). Dotted line 2 – earthquake of 21 September (9/1999). Dotted line 3 – start of the popularity of Korean TV series in Taiwan (10/ 2000). Dotted line 4 – outbreak of SARS in Taiwan (4/2003). Starting in 2001, the number of Taiwanese tourists travelling to Korea increased rapidly, although political ties were not renewed. Experts attribute the sudden travel flow to Korea to the unprecedented popularity of Korean TV dramas in Taiwan (Onishi, 2005). The growth rate of the travel flow to Korea (28. 9%) in a short period is impressive: 108,831 in 2000 to 368,205 in 2005. One sharp decrease occurred in 2003 because of the negative effect of the SARS outbreak in Taiwan on Taiwanese overseas departures. However, the number of Taiwanese visitors to Korea rebounded quickly. In 2004, to accommodate the strong tourism demand for Korea, Taiwan signed a new aviation agreement with 870 PLEASURE 40,000 TOURISM ECONOMICS BUSINESS 300 250 30,000 200 20,000 150 100 10,000 50 0 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 0 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 OFFICIAL 3,000 2,500 2,000 60 1,500 40 1,000 500 0 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05OTHER 100 80 20 0 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 Figure 2. Monthly time-series data of Taiwanese tourist arrivals in Korea: different purposes for visitation (1/1997–12/2005). Korea to resume flights between the two countries, ending a 12-year suspension on regular flight services (Government Information Office, 2005). Data, hypotheses and tests of structural changes Figure 1 presents monthly time-series data of total Taiwanese overseas travel (all countries) from January 1980 to December 2005; data were obtained from various issues of the annual report on tourism by the Taiwan Tourism Bureau.Figure 1 also plots the monthly data of total Taiwanese outbound travel to Korea over the same period. Data were collected from the Korea National Tourism Organization’s (KNTO) Taipei office. Figure 2 illustrates monthly data of Taiwanese arrivals to Korea in terms of purposes for visiting: pleasure, business, official and other. Data from the KNTO Taipei office were available for only nine years, f rom January 1997 to December 2005. KNTO (2006) reported that in 2005 pleasure trips accounted for 94. 1% of the total Taiwanese travel to Korea; in the same year, business, official and other categories accounted for only 0. 23%, 4. 86% and 0. 10%, respectively. To examine whether the popularity of Korean TV dramas in Taiwan has a Taiwanese tourism demand for Korea 871 significant impact on Taiwanese travel to Korea, we hypothesize that there is a structural change in the total number of Taiwanese trips to Korea before and after October 2000. This date is selected because the first popular Korean TV drama, Fireworks, ended in September 2000. To investigate the ffects of the popularity of Korean TV dramas further, we test if there is a structural change in total outbound departures (all countries) before and after October 2000. We expect no structural change in total outbound departures if the significant increase in Taiwanese overseas travel is restricted to South Korea, due to popu lar Korean TV dramas rather than the overall growth of outbound travel in Taiwan. In addition, we apply the same hypothesis to the different purposes for visitation (business, pleasure, official and other) to see which type of visit is affected more significantly by the popularity of Korean TV series.Accordingly, the following hypotheses are tested: †¢ Hypothesis 1: There is a structural change in the total number of Taiwanese visitors to Korea before and after October 2000. †¢ Hypothesis 2: There is a structural change in the total Taiwanese outbound departures before and after October 2000. †¢ Hypothesis 3: There is a structural change in the number of Taiwanese pleasure trips to Korea before and after October 2000. †¢ Hypothesis 4: There is a structural change in the number of Taiwanese business trips to Korea before and after October 2000. Hypothesis 5: There is a structural change in the number of Taiwanese official trips to Korea before and after October 20 00. †¢ Hypothesis 6: There is a structural change in the number of trips of the other category before and after October 2000. We used two Chow tests, namely the Chow breakpoint test and the Chow forecast test, to ensure the consistency of structural break test results. To perform the tests, the full sample period is divided into two subsamples: January 1997 to September 2000 and October 2000 to December 2005.The results of the Chow breakpoint test (Table 1) show a significant structural change in the total number of Taiwanese visitors to Korea, but no structural change in the total Taiwanese outbound departures before and after October 2000. In addition, structural changes are detected in pleasure travel and official travel, but no significant structural change is found in business and other travel. In conclusion, the Chow breakpoint test results support Hypotheses 1, 3 and 5. Table 1. Tests of a structural change in the number of Taiwanese visitors: before and after the popula rity of Korean TV series.Tourist arrivals Total outbound departures Total Pleasure Taiwanese visitors to Korea Yes Yes Yes Yes Business Official Other Chow breakpoint test Chow forecast test No No No No Yes No No Yes 872 TOURISM ECONOMICS The Chow forecast test produced similar results, with a minor difference in the results of travel purposes (Table 1). Structural changes are detected in the total number of Taiwanese visitors to Korea, pleasure travel and other travel; no structural changes are found in the total Taiwanese outbound departures and business and official travel before and after 2000.Therefore, Hypotheses 1, 3 and 6 are supported. Discussion and conclusion This study conducts tests of structure changes to examine the effects of popular Korean TV dramas on Taiwanese outbound travel to Korea from January 1997 to December 2005. The two Chow tests demonstrate a structural change in the total number of Taiwanese visitors to Korea between two periods: before and after Octobe r 2000 (before and after the showing of the Korean drama Fireworks).In addition, the fact that there is no structural change in the total number of Taiwanese outbound departures suggests that the significant increase in travel flow to Korea is an independent phenomenon, not associated with the overall growth of outbound departures in Taiwan. Chow tests, using travel purposes, do not show that business travel has a significant structural change, indicating that the number of Taiwanese travellers coming to Korea for business is not changed significantly before nd after 2000. For official and other travel, the results of two Chow tests are mixed; therefore, it may be difficult to support the existence of a structural change. Among four groups, only pleasure travel consistently shows a structural change through both Chow tests. This indicates that pleasure travel most likely drives a structural change in the total number of Taiwanese visitors to Korea before and after 2000, thereby furt her demonstrating the significant effects of popular Korean dramas in Taiwan.If Korean TV dramas, staged in Taiwan over the past few years, were linked to travel motivation, the effect would be seen on pleasure trips rather than other types. Overall, this study presents strong evidence regarding the effects of film on overseas travellers and supports the concept of film-induced tourism (Tooke and Baker, 1996; Kim et al, 2007). After diplomatic ties ended in 1992, South Korea was perceived by the Taiwanese as a violent country and one that overnight traded loyalty and faith for economic gains (Choe, 2001).Although this study does not measure the image/perception change, it is reasonable to assume that the popular Korean TV dramas have had a positive influence on the image of Korea, thereby leading to more Taiwanese pleasure trips to Korea. This study, therefore, confirms indirectly that movies, specifically TV dramas, can be an effective vehicle to change the perception of a certain destination country and further ease political conflict between two countries by stimulating social/pleasure travel flow (Kim et al, 2007).The film-induced tourism of this study is therefore in line with earlier notions that tourism is likely to act as a positive force to promote peace by reducing tension and suspicion (D’Amore, 1988). The great success of Korean TV dramas in neighbouring Asian countries such as Taiwan seems to offer an opportunity to consider countries further away than Asia. Due to globalization, outbound travels from the West to the East (and vice versa) are increasing constantly. The West may learn Asian culture, Taiwanese tourism demand for Korea 873 specifically Korean culture, through Korean dramas or movies.Therefore, the Korean government should develop the deeper understanding resulting from film-induced tourism to promote South Korea as a more appealing travel destination in the world. Future research directions The analysis of the present study is at a general level, breaking down Taiwanese arrivals only by total and purpose of visit. It is useful to identify the detailed profile of Taiwanese visitors drawn by popular Korean TV dramas. 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