Hydraulic Fracking And Its Consequences - 1903 Words

Hydraulic Fracking and its Consequences Natural gasses are one of the most desirable and needed resources in the world today. As the population and technology continue to get larger the need for natural gasses continues to steadily increase. With the need for natural gasses increasing the industry continues to expand their techniques and means to acquire natural gas. The use of hydraulic fracking is receiving most of the attention of today’s natural gas industry much of which is negative. This paper not only discusses the process of fracking but the benefits and disadvantages that come along with its use. Its main purpose is not how fracking works but looking into what follows the fracking process and challenging your stance on the issue by using ethical theories to support and negate issues that are brought up by the use of fracking. While challenging your position on fracking I will explain why we should find an alternative to fracking due to our ethical obligations. Michael MacRae from ASME says that the first traces of fracking occurred as far back as the 1860’s but that hydraulic fracking surfaced in the year 1949 being patented by Halliburton throughout the initial years. Since then there have been many modifications and every company uses hydraulic fracturing in different ways. The large amounts of press fracking have been receiving started around the year 2000 when oil companies began exploring the nation’s shale formations. The use of horizontal drilling made muchShow MoreRelatedHydraulic Fracturing Is Risky And Dangerous For The Environment1153 Words   |  5 Pagesof Flint did. Well there is. Everywhere there is Hydraulic Fracturing, there is a risk that your tap water will become polluted. Hydraulic Fracturing is risky and dangerous for the environment and not worth the benefits of natural gas. Hydraulic Fracturing is a process that involves drilling a well and injecting water at high speeds to break up rocks and minerals underground and allows natural gas to flow out to be collected, according to Hydraulic Fracturing Should be Banned written by the FoodRead MoreThe Effects Of Fracking On The Climate And Societies Across America1101 Words   |  5 PagesThe Consequences of Fracking 1. Introduction Fracking, does it have more consequence or benefits? Well first let me explain what fracking is. Fracking is formally known as (Hydraulic Fracturing), an exceedingly confrontational procedure commonly used today to extort oil and natural gas from the earth. Many exponents of fracking congratulate the encouraging economic impacts and job creations. But they fail to recognize the effects fracking have on the climate and societies across America. OneRead MoreFracking : A Controversial Controversy1486 Words   |  6 PagesFracking is a highly controversial practice that utilizes the injection of water, chemicals and abrasives to extract relatively inaccessible pockets of natural resources. Although fracking has the potential to benefit the domestic economy, the practice of hydraulic fracturing, if left unregulated and mismanaged poses significant risks to the environment, the ecosystem and safety. Fracking has become a highly controversial and publicized topic in recent years due to rising concerns into the potentialRead MoreThe Issue Of Hydraulic Fracturing1444 Words   |  6 PagesHydraulic Fracturing One of the hottest new issues that has arisen to the forefront of the battle between environmentalists and the energy industry, where the health of future generations is set against our energy needs and economic growth, is the issue of hydraulic fracturing, or fracking as it is colloquially called. America’s new-found energy independence has been made possible using technology that was only a pipe dream a mere decade ago, slashing the disparity between net imports versus exportsRead MoreThe Crisis Of The Fukushima Nuclear Plant After An Earthquake1566 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelopment techniques of hydraulic fracturing has showcased as a solution to solve these problems altogether. We now gain access to the 100 years worth of energy in the form of natural gas underneath the surface of our backyard. The belief that these domestic natural gas deposits will provide us time and help build a bridge to cleaner energy for the future. However, people do not understand what hydraulic fracturing is or how it works. â€Å"Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, forces natural gas andRead MoreHydraulic Fracturing: The Future of America’s Energy Essay1285 Words   |  6 PagesHydraulic Fracturing, also known as fracking, is not a novel concept. The hope of being able to access fossil fuels trapped inside layers of shale deep beneath the Earth’s surface was achieved by the process of fracking, developed in 1903 (energyindepth.com). Over the last century, hydraulic fracturing has become an efficient and environmentally friendly way to access the natural gas needed to meet the United States’ high demands. With the condition of the environment rapidly deteriorating, theRead MoreThe Consequences Of Fracking . Introduction:. Fracking,1130 Words   |  5 PagesThe Consequence s of Fracking Introduction: Fracking, does it have more consequence or benefits? Well first let me explain what fracking is. Fracking is formally known as (Hydraulic Fracturing), an exceedingly confrontational procedure used for the extraction of oil and natural gas. Many exponents of fracking congratulate the encouraging economic impacts and job creations. But they fail to recognize the effects fracking have on the climate and societies across America. As stated by, AlexanderRead MoreEssay Hydraulic Fracturing Must be Reformed1457 Words   |  6 Pagesunearthed by a controversial method of extracting natural gas, called hydraulic fracturing, or fracking. A Healthy alternative to the fossil fuels we so frivolously use is now more critical than ever. With an overwhelming amount of negative effects on the population and the environment, hydraulic-fracturing releases dangerous chemicals into unwanted areas, endangering many ecosystems, and harming many social institutions. Fracking is the process in which high-pressured fluids are injected up to 1,000Read MoreFracking Technology On Extraction Of Shale Gas And Oil Essay1041 Words   |  5 PagesFracking technology. What are the environmental and health issues related to fracking technology on extraction of shale gas and oil? Unconventional gas and oil extraction process known as hydraulic fracturing, hydrofracking or fracking is a technique used to extract shale gas and oil, on which high pressure fluid is injected, mainly water, containing sand, chemicals or other granular materials which are pumped with a fluid medium under pressure into rock, so that fractures formed in this processRead MoreFracking : Fracking And Its Effects On The Environment1286 Words   |  6 Pages Hydraulic fracturing, commonly referred to as fracking, is a widespread practice in the United States. Fracking is a method used to extract oil and natural gas. Scientists and citizens report detrimental side effects of hydraulic drilling. New York and Vermont have banned fracking statewide. Maryland has set a two year moratorium on fracking, so that more research can be done to show the impacts of fracking on the environment. Nationwide, many other cities and counties have banned fracking as well

Rodeo by Jane Martin Analysis Free Essay Example, 1000 words

However, the moment when large companies such as Coca-Cola, Pepsi Cola, and Marlboro decided to buy this kind of entertainment and turn it into a commercial sport has changed the situation dramatically. As a consequence, the symbolism of clothing also receives new forms in the story. If the first part of the story informs the reader about the traditional set of clothes for the traditional rodeo participants, the second part gives one the opportunity to see significant changes in the clothing of the rodeo players that symbolizes a sharp departure from traditions and acceptance of commercial politics. Becoming a commercial show, rodeo determines the appearance of "some guy in a bankers suit, " who "runs the rodeo now" (n. p.). The focus on the development of the popularity of the show among the wide public leads to the fact that the participants’ clothes become the element of a commercial promotion of the rodeo. In an effort to attract the viewers attention, the host of the sho w starts wearing "a pinky ring and a digital watch. " In turn, following this logic, the players should "ride around dressed up like Mickey Mouse, Pluto, crap like that. " In other words, the main task is to contribute to the maximum promotion of rodeo as a commercial sport. We will write a custom essay sample on Rodeo by Jane Martin Analysis or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now If before rodeo was presented as a kind of national entertainment and it â€Å"wasnt worth no money to nobody†, now rodeo is primarily a way to earn money and get popularity (n. p.). The woman’s adherence to traditional rodeo determines her surprise and bewilderment for those innovations that characterize the stage of commercialization of the rodeo. For this reason, she does not understand the validity of the appearance of the clowns who she sees only as astronauts. Their clothes full of different "pinstripes" and other accessories also seems strange for Big Eight, because traditionally the rodeo had nothing of this. The negative perception of the clothing is determined by the fact that for the Big Eight, it does no have any useful function but rather the contrary, since the women saw that the clown’s costume made the horse fear and as a result, the rider got squashed. One might argue that the fact that the rodeo has turned into a commercial sport should be evaluated positively because financial capacity allowed rodeo and its players to get wide popularity and huge acceptance among the audience. In particular, television has become one of the ways that have made the rodeo one of the most famous and popular shows among a wide audience.

Its Only Natural Essay - 1478 Words

It is only natural that human beings have always been fascinated in what makes them who they are and what characteristics of themselves set them apart from other people. Behaviorists on the other hand believe there is nothing more in where they grew up because their theory is human nature can be completely understood by the laws intrinsic in the innate environment. Psychologists influence one another and trigger theories for additional experimentation. Some psychologists do not care about other’s theories while some battle other’s theories. Not many scientists believe the behaviorist theory is as encompassing as it once was thought to be. One cannot completely dismiss the outcome the environment has on behavior neither the function it†¦show more content†¦Some debate that ones environment is responsible for mental capabilities; therefore, alcoholism could be from ones environment or biologically passed. For instance, John Does parent is an alcoholic and noticed the heavy drinking consumed at parties. This could steer John Doe to an altered mental, emotional, and physical condition (biological factors). As teenagers develop they are subjected to mixed messages and peer pressure. Teenagers will experiment to see what they like and do not like. For the teenagers that opt out, they are likely to be harassed, tormented, and even bullied, thus causing them to withdraw from social interaction and form introversion. In this section, three main points will be discussed on how evolutionary, biological-genetic, and environmental factors have an effect on the development of an aggressive personality. First, peer relationships especially during middle school can influence in the development of aggression. The failure or success rate of developing peer friendships during adolescence is a direct indication of the learning that is identified with early parent and child interaction. Consequently, the individual stages from birth through adolescence are like building blocks. It is essential that each block is just as strong as the last one because it has to support the next block (stage). This means if a child has a positive sense of worth then the childs mood is expected to be friendly, thus interactionsShow MoreRelatedBreyers Ice Cream Product Swot1672 Words   |  7 Pagesmade with all natural ingredients. Whether you are enjoying Breyers all natural vanilla ice cream with birthday cake, having your f avorite pie al a mode or just having your favorite flavor in a cup or cone it is undeniable that nothing is better than indulging into a sweet craving with Breyers. Breyers has been creating smiles and fulfilling family traditions for over 140 years. They continue to pride themselves on having a traditional ice cream recipe made with quality all natural ingredients suchRead MoreNature and our responsibility towards it1190 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Natural resources are things we depend in our everyday lives. Food, water, and clean air are three natural resources that we depend on constantly. We have a responsibility towards these resources and that’s to not deplete them. We have to stand up and take responsibility and save the resource before they are all gone. If we deplete these resources the human species will die out. First we have to take responsibility and not deplete our natural resources because they feed us. Animals eat naturalRead MoreThe Natural And Human Science1381 Words   |  6 Pagesscience research and societies at large. Kuhn’s â€Å"The Natural and Human Science† shows a different view of how reality works. There is more than just a two-sided argument in everything. Everything is rational however; persuasion is key, which is the factor for Revolution. Within a paradigm, he mentions that in normal science everything is just expanding. The old view is gone and you now can build upon knowledge. When it comes to social research, it’s important to note that the paradigm he refers to isRead MorePersonal Responsibility toward the Natural World1247 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Personal Responsibility toward the Natural World: The natural world is our only habitat that is a biotic system which experiences much stress to an extent that it threatens to fail in irreversible and significant ways. Currently, most of the huge environmental challenges that confront people such loss of biodiversity, climate change, pollution, and resource depletion have similar emerging patterns. Therefore, numerous changes are required to restore and stabilize the natural world into its functional integrityRead MoreMy Life Of My Hair Essay972 Words   |  4 PagesThere I was, firm in my decision to let my hair grow into its natural state. Fresh out of the shower, I stared into my bathroom mirror watching my hair drip. My roots were three to four inches of puffy cotton, while my ends were three to four inches of bone straight hair hanging limply. I ran my fingers through my roots, which felt soft and oily, and then I glided my fingers down to my ends, which felt smooth, yet void of life. For years, I had a regular weekly hair ritual: dry with a towel, applyRead MoreFracking And Its Effects On The Economy1589 Words   |  7 Pagesefficient and clean energy would not be possible if it weren’t for the utilization of hydraulic fracturing, also known as fracking, and horizontal drilling. To consider fracking as only a danger to the environment would be an overstatement while saying fracking only provides natural gas and nothing else is an understatement. It’s important to consider all of the potential benefits that fracking gives to the economy and how its minor environmental destruction could lead to an economic reconstruction. AlthoughRead MoreGun Ownership Between Law Citizens And Criminals1485 Words   |  6 Pagesaverage citizen, this not only poses problems statewide regarding gun ownership between law-abiding citizens and criminals, but also nationwide as it’s a step toward mitigating the second amendment and all that it stands for. The second amendment is such a treasure within the U.S.. This country is lucky to have such an amendment written by our founding fathers, whom sought out to protect our natural rights above anything else. Some believe the second amendment to be a natural right, a gun advocate—SnyderRead More Pollution Essay: Don’t Blame Me for Global Warming1033 Words   |  5 Pagesstemming from global warming. This makes no sense; with the facts and information that we have received over the years they still support this preposterous idea. Humans do nothing to contribute to global warming; the irregular climate events are just natural occurrences. These occurrences are no stranger to our history either. (â€Å"Global Warm Up†)(â€Å"An Inconvenient Truth†) The most recent case of significant warming was between the years 1850 and 1940. Most scientists say this rise in warmth was not causedRead MoreHydraulic Fracturing Essay696 Words   |  3 Pagesextract –petroleum, natural gas ( such as shale gas , tight gas , and coal seam) ,water And natural substances This process was first used in 1947 to stimulate flow of natural gas from the Hugoton field in Kansas , however it was only 51 years later in 1998 that the modern fracturing technology also known as HORIZONTAL SLICKWATER FRACTURING made possible the extraction of shale gas . Over the past years hydraulic Fracturing has delivered more than 600 trillion cubic feet of natural gas to just AmericanRead MoreEvolution And Evolution Of Evolution1328 Words   |  6 Pagesboth sound pretty good to me. Evolution makes sense to me. I like the history of evolution. It’s so cool to see how different species have evolved throughout time. #1) Chapter 10.1-10.5, p. 280-301 (Early Scientist’s observations, Darwin’s Observations, Theory of Natural Selection, Evidence of Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Today) There are many scientists and people that study evolution and it’s wonders. The most well known was Charles Darwin who traveled to the Galapagos Islands and

History And Traditions Of Egyptian Fashion - 3371 Words

Ancient Egypt is one of the civilizations that have been studied for decades, and is one of the most well known in regards of early advancements. During 3000 - 300 BC Ancient Egypt was at its peek in fashion and developed many clothing and accessories that aided them for survival that is still seen in todays culture. When referring to Egypt, it is said that the word Egypt evokes the name of three women as if by magic: Hatshepsut, Nefertiti and Cleopatra. Although these women are from different generations and times, the three of them all represent the history and traditions of Egyptian fashion. Mila Contini, author of Fashion: From Ancient Egypt to the Present Day notes that women in ancient Egypt was always honored and treated with respect, and because of that Hatshepsut, Nefertiti and Cleopatra were seen as the definition of Egyptian culture. Hatshepsut was the daughter of Pharaoh Thutmosis I and during her lifetime was said to have shared the throne with her father during his life time. After her fathers death, Hatshepsut had married her half-brother Thutmosis II, and after his death, she had resigned over the land. Hatshepsut was also noted as having changed her sex, Contini mentions that Hatshepsut â€Å"wore on her chin the false beard of the Pharaohs, and on monuments and bas-reliefs had herself represented without breasts, like a warrior†. Hatshepsut was a leader in mens clothes, something that was very different at the time. Image 1 is an example of the popularShow MoreRelatedTerm Paper1235 Words   |  5 PagesThe History of Wigs In ancient Egypt, both males and females wore wigs made either from human hair, sheeps wool or vegetable fibers, depending upon their social status. There were a number of benefits for Egyptians from shaving their heads. First it was more comfortable in the hot Egyptian climate not to have hair. Secondly, a baldhead helped avoid the danger of an infestation of lice, which was a problem at that time. However, it appears that Egyptians preferred having hair which resultedRead MoreThe Mathematics Of A Large Nutshell959 Words   |  4 Pagesanalysis of the mathematical culture of different societies in history. The section â€Å"The History of Mathematics in a Large Nutshell† provides an interesting discussion of Greek mathematics. The mathematics of the culture both influenced and was influenced by the culture of the society. The Greeks were most likely the most important historical society in the Western world. They spread their vast knowledge and affected the mathematical trad itions of the world. According to Greek historians, their mathematicalRead MoreThe Great Flood ( China )979 Words   |  4 Pagescorpus of antiquated Egyptian funerary writings, no such manuals from Mesopotamia point of interest the great beyond and the spirit s destiny passing. Rather, antiquated Mesopotamian perspectives of life following death must be sorted out from a mixture of sources crosswise over distinctive classifications. In extra to having a place with diverse sorts, the hotspots for Mesopotamian convictions in the great beyond originate from the particular periods in Mesopotamian history like every single socialRead MoreThe Colonization Of Egypt During The Middle East1460 Words   |  6 Pagesthe theme of colonization. The British colonization of Egypt is very similar to the French colonization of Morocco during the 19th century. Despite the negative connotations imperialism has in history, after reading the novels, in the long run colonization has given more opportunities to the lives o f Egyptians and Moroccans, especially women, in the terms of individual freedom. Throughout her work Fatima Mernissi makes it clear that gender roles played an important role in her household particularlyRead MoreZionisms Greatest Conceit Essay1594 Words   |  7 PagesZIONISM’S GREATEST CONCEIT For a people whose traditions and rituals originate from the age of Egyptian pharaohs, modernity can be a relative term. The Jewish people have one of the oldest traditions of any culture on earth and have been a part of nearly every major civilization, from the ancient Egyptians, to the Persians, Romans, Byzantines, Ottomans and British empires. Over the centuries, they have traditions both of successful self-governance but also of persecution, hostility and exileRead MoreArab Music Essay810 Words   |  4 PagesArabian theory. The Arab music tradition developed in the courts of dynasties in the Islamic Empire from the seventh to the thirteenth century. It flourished during the Umayyad dynasty in the seventh and eighth centuries in Syria. Although the major writings of Arab music appeared after the spread of the Islamic religion in the beginning of the seventh century, the music tradition had already begun. Before the spread of Islam, Arab music incorporated music traditions of the Sassanid dynasty (224-651)Read MoreDesign And Design Of Design History1343 Words   |  6 Pages landscape, fashion and graphic etc. Judging from the large number of exhibition, museum and modern building appears in recent year that people seems to put more emphasis on their visual artistic effect and design. Margolin (1992, P105) said, â€Å"The importance of design history has also been increasingly recognized by design professionals†. This means design history is necessary for contemporary designers to study early and use the knowledge to their works. Understanding design history may help designersRead MoreEssay on Goth: A Satirical Subculture1126 Words   |  5 Pagesdevout Christians. Atheism, Agnosticism, the New Age, Gnosticism, Shamanism, Wicca, other Neopagan traditions, and other minority faith groups are represented more frequently than in the general population (Robinson). While it is true that many Goths wear the Christian Cross or the Egyptian Ankh, ma ny times these religious symbols represent a satirical ideal, or are sometimes just for the sake of fashion. The gothic subculture is not a religious movement in any sense of the word, although its constituencyRead MoreCultural Appropriation646 Words   |  3 Pagesbelieve cultural appropriation to be just another part of the process of interaction in our modernized world. Since the early development of civilizations, cultures have borrowed and adopted ideas from each other. As an example, it is well known that Egyptian culture influenced the Greeks, which in turn influenced the Romans who spread their empire towards Europe, Asia and Africa influencing countless others who in turn influenced them. Since its beginning, this form of culture exchange has been a drivingRead MoreTattoos Essay812 Words   |  4 PagesIn this research paper the main topics will be about the history of tattoos, how tattoos are made, and the impact of tattoos in society. Research shows that people have been experimenting with tattoos for many years, as early as c. 2000 B.C. The ancient Egyptians were the ones to help popularize the idea of tattooing. Tattoos have many meanings behind them depending on the culture. Such as for the Ancient Asian cultures tattoos were to help sustain strong physical health. Another example would be

Critique on Constraint-Based Approaches for Balancing Bike-Sharing Systems Free Essays

Summary: The article, â€Å"Constraint-Based Approaches for Balancing Bike-Sharing Systems† by Gaspero, Rendl, Urli (2013) focuses upon a new business activity taking place in busy cities, known as the bike-sharing system. While cities are crowded and it is often difficult for pedestrians to walk long distances, the bike-sharing system enables people to rent bikes from bike stations positioned in various places across the city, ride to their destination, and then return the bike to another bike station in close proximity. However, there is often a management problem in the bike-sharing system which leads to customer dissatisfaction as customers located in hilly or suburban areas take bikes from stations in close proximity of these areas but then take the bikes to the busy city centres and park at a station there. We will write a custom essay sample on Critique on Constraint-Based Approaches for Balancing Bike-Sharing Systems or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thus, this leaves the bike stations in these areas empty as hardly any customers return their bikes to these stations. Accordingly, customers in these areas face inconvenience and the demand for bikes in these areas is not met appropriately. Moreover, customers in the busy city centre areas face problems of parking their bikes as the bike stations in city centres are full and customers often have to go in search of an available spot to park their bikes. Thus, this problem develops a need for the development of a solution to optimize the meeting of demand and to ensure that customers are provided with maximum convenience. Accordingly, this situation results in a need for balancing the bike-sharing system so that all of the bike stations are equally equipped with bikes for customers and no station is left overloaded or empty. The solution found for this was through an overnight bus route by management of the bike-sharing service which picks up bicycles from certain stations and places them elsewhere in order to balance out the bike-sharing system and ensuring that the system is able to provide customers with convenience and meet demand appropriately. The article uses two constraint-based approaches focusing upon popular routes and demand for bicycles in order to determine the most optimal tours and operating instructions in order to relocate bikes appropriately and efficiently. The article first makes use of constraint programming and two novel constraint models in order to find the most promising routes for the balanced bike sharing system. Then the article emphasizes upon the Large Neighbourhood Search approach and compares it with the previous Branch and Bound approach in order to determine which method is most suitable for designing an optimum tour plan for relocating bicycles. The article concludes that the combination of constraint propogation and neighbourhood search is an effective method to increase the performance of the tour. Moreover, the solution found emphasizes upon limiting the size of the neighbourhood which will enable reaching low-cost solutions very quickly. While the authors of the study have currently used a quantitative approach for this article, they have mentioned a desire to conduct future quantitative research by exploring different variants of the Large Neighbourhood Search including employing different stopping conditions and acceptance criterions. The authors have also labelled one element of the problem as the dynamic variant of the BBSS problem which the authors wish to study in the future. This variant includes the aspect of when bikes are moved from independently from one station to another during rebalancing which results in variable target values and variable station loads over time. Critique: The article, â€Å"Constraint-Based Approaches for Balancing Bike-Sharing Systems† is focused upon a unique topic for which there is not an immense amount of previous literature available. The authors have explored an aspect of business activity that exists in the contemporary business environment but is relatively new to customers and users and has not previously been discussed to a large extent in business research. Thus, the article provides a beneficial explanation of an existing problem and offers a thorough explanation of the problem. However, the article focuses upon a very narrow topic and is only specifically centred around the problem of bike-sharing systems. Thus, the findings of the study cannot be generalized in other areas and may not be highly useful in the contemporary business environment as they are only catering to a niche activity (Delamont Atkinson, 2010). The language used in the article is simple and self-explanatory which enhances the understanding of readers and enables them to comprehend what the authors are aiming to deliver and the problem that they are aiming to solve. However, while the authors make the explanation of the problem vividly clear, the solution they offer is of a highly complicated quantitative nature. Thus, as soon as the article launches into its computations, the reader is likely to get confused and may also lose interest in the article (Alston Bowles, 2012). Moreover, the article does not clearly illustrate its results and does not offer a thorough and simple explanation of what the authors have found and what their findings mean. Thus, it may be difficult for the reader to comprehend the authors’ findings and what benefit the article has given to readers related to the topic in question. Accordingly, there are various other approaches that the authors could have used in order to enhance the level of comprehension of the article and increase its usefulness for ordinary readers. The first alternative suggested approach for the authors of this article was to adopt a qualitative methodology consisting of interviews with the customers of the bike-sharing systems and gain in-depth knowledge of the prevailing problem and suggested solutions. However, there may be some limitations to using this methodology which include confirming the validity of the results and analyzing or measuring data. The quantitative approach allows the authors to appropriately measure and analyze data and confirm that the results obtained are authentic and valid. Using qualitative data may mean that the results obtained may contain elements of interviewer or respondent bias (Flick, 2009). Another alternative approach that the authors could have used consists of conducting a thorough literature review on the topic which could have helped increase reader understanding and retain reader attention. However, the main problem involved in adopting this approach lies in the fact that this topic may not have an expanse of literature available for analysis and it may have been difficult for the authors to gather this level of information. The authors could have still enhanced understanding of this study by including more previous literature or including related topics to the analysis (Daymon Holloway, 2010).The authors could have also opted to simplify the quantitative analysis and use simple statistical measurements in order to enhance reader understanding and comprehension. Methods such as regression, descriptive statistics, and other statistical measures could have been used instead of complicated heuristics calculations. This would have enabled readers to understand the fi ndings in a better manner and improve comprehension (Liamputtong Ezzy, 2006). However, the article was well-written and thoroughly explained which enhanced reader attention and enabled comprehension. Moreover, the calculations enhanced validity and authenticity of the results and enabled the appropriate calculation of the information needed. The methodology of the paper could have been simplified and the structure could have been improved with further sub-headings and a broader literature review (Denzin Lincoln, 2011). Thus, while the article had certain shortcomings it also had quite a few strengths in the sense of the level of expression, the level of understanding, and the quantitative analysis conducted. However, the authors of the study can improve the clarity and comprehension of the study by incorporating the recommendations mentioned and the authors should also expand upon the section on further research and include further ideas for future research. Suggestions for Further Work: The authors of this study can further conduct research upon other methods of transport or can replicate this study by implementing a qualitative methodology in the future. The authors can also conduct research on other new business activities and possibly choose topics which cater to a vaster market rather than only catering to a niche business activity. References Liamputtong, P., Ezzy, D. (2006).Qualitative research methods. New York: Oxford University Press. Daymon, C., Holloway, I. (2010).Qualitative research methods in public relations and marketing communications. Routledge. Denzin, N. K., Lincoln, Y. S. (Eds.). (2011).The SAGE handbook of qualitative research. Sage. Miller, T., Mauthner, M., Birch, M., Jessop, J. (Eds.). (2012).Ethics in qualitative research. Sage. Flick, U. (2009).An introduction to qualitative research. Sage. Alston, M., Bowles, W. (2012).Research for social workers: An introduction to methods. Allen Unwin. Delamont, S., Atkinson, P. (Eds.). (2010).SAGE Qualitative Research Methods. SAGE Publications Limited. Method of Gathering Data: The literature gathered for this critique was gathered from journals, books, and online sources. Particular keywords were used in order to find relevant sources for this critique and emphasis was given upon finding sources regarding qualitative and quantitative analysis. The literature used for this critique was thoroughly read, examined, and relevant points were extracted in order to form an analysis for the article in question. How to cite Critique on Constraint-Based Approaches for Balancing Bike-Sharing Systems, Essay examples

Critique on Constraint-Based Approaches for Balancing Bike-Sharing Systems Free Essays

Summary: The article, â€Å"Constraint-Based Approaches for Balancing Bike-Sharing Systems† by Gaspero, Rendl, Urli (2013) focuses upon a new business activity taking place in busy cities, known as the bike-sharing system. While cities are crowded and it is often difficult for pedestrians to walk long distances, the bike-sharing system enables people to rent bikes from bike stations positioned in various places across the city, ride to their destination, and then return the bike to another bike station in close proximity. However, there is often a management problem in the bike-sharing system which leads to customer dissatisfaction as customers located in hilly or suburban areas take bikes from stations in close proximity of these areas but then take the bikes to the busy city centres and park at a station there. We will write a custom essay sample on Critique on Constraint-Based Approaches for Balancing Bike-Sharing Systems or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thus, this leaves the bike stations in these areas empty as hardly any customers return their bikes to these stations. Accordingly, customers in these areas face inconvenience and the demand for bikes in these areas is not met appropriately. Moreover, customers in the busy city centre areas face problems of parking their bikes as the bike stations in city centres are full and customers often have to go in search of an available spot to park their bikes. Thus, this problem develops a need for the development of a solution to optimize the meeting of demand and to ensure that customers are provided with maximum convenience. Accordingly, this situation results in a need for balancing the bike-sharing system so that all of the bike stations are equally equipped with bikes for customers and no station is left overloaded or empty. The solution found for this was through an overnight bus route by management of the bike-sharing service which picks up bicycles from certain stations and places them elsewhere in order to balance out the bike-sharing system and ensuring that the system is able to provide customers with convenience and meet demand appropriately. The article uses two constraint-based approaches focusing upon popular routes and demand for bicycles in order to determine the most optimal tours and operating instructions in order to relocate bikes appropriately and efficiently. The article first makes use of constraint programming and two novel constraint models in order to find the most promising routes for the balanced bike sharing system. Then the article emphasizes upon the Large Neighbourhood Search approach and compares it with the previous Branch and Bound approach in order to determine which method is most suitable for designing an optimum tour plan for relocating bicycles. The article concludes that the combination of constraint propogation and neighbourhood search is an effective method to increase the performance of the tour. Moreover, the solution found emphasizes upon limiting the size of the neighbourhood which will enable reaching low-cost solutions very quickly. While the authors of the study have currently used a quantitative approach for this article, they have mentioned a desire to conduct future quantitative research by exploring different variants of the Large Neighbourhood Search including employing different stopping conditions and acceptance criterions. The authors have also labelled one element of the problem as the dynamic variant of the BBSS problem which the authors wish to study in the future. This variant includes the aspect of when bikes are moved from independently from one station to another during rebalancing which results in variable target values and variable station loads over time. Critique: The article, â€Å"Constraint-Based Approaches for Balancing Bike-Sharing Systems† is focused upon a unique topic for which there is not an immense amount of previous literature available. The authors have explored an aspect of business activity that exists in the contemporary business environment but is relatively new to customers and users and has not previously been discussed to a large extent in business research. Thus, the article provides a beneficial explanation of an existing problem and offers a thorough explanation of the problem. However, the article focuses upon a very narrow topic and is only specifically centred around the problem of bike-sharing systems. Thus, the findings of the study cannot be generalized in other areas and may not be highly useful in the contemporary business environment as they are only catering to a niche activity (Delamont Atkinson, 2010). The language used in the article is simple and self-explanatory which enhances the understanding of readers and enables them to comprehend what the authors are aiming to deliver and the problem that they are aiming to solve. However, while the authors make the explanation of the problem vividly clear, the solution they offer is of a highly complicated quantitative nature. Thus, as soon as the article launches into its computations, the reader is likely to get confused and may also lose interest in the article (Alston Bowles, 2012). Moreover, the article does not clearly illustrate its results and does not offer a thorough and simple explanation of what the authors have found and what their findings mean. Thus, it may be difficult for the reader to comprehend the authors’ findings and what benefit the article has given to readers related to the topic in question. Accordingly, there are various other approaches that the authors could have used in order to enhance the level of comprehension of the article and increase its usefulness for ordinary readers. The first alternative suggested approach for the authors of this article was to adopt a qualitative methodology consisting of interviews with the customers of the bike-sharing systems and gain in-depth knowledge of the prevailing problem and suggested solutions. However, there may be some limitations to using this methodology which include confirming the validity of the results and analyzing or measuring data. The quantitative approach allows the authors to appropriately measure and analyze data and confirm that the results obtained are authentic and valid. Using qualitative data may mean that the results obtained may contain elements of interviewer or respondent bias (Flick, 2009). Another alternative approach that the authors could have used consists of conducting a thorough literature review on the topic which could have helped increase reader understanding and retain reader attention. However, the main problem involved in adopting this approach lies in the fact that this topic may not have an expanse of literature available for analysis and it may have been difficult for the authors to gather this level of information. The authors could have still enhanced understanding of this study by including more previous literature or including related topics to the analysis (Daymon Holloway, 2010).The authors could have also opted to simplify the quantitative analysis and use simple statistical measurements in order to enhance reader understanding and comprehension. Methods such as regression, descriptive statistics, and other statistical measures could have been used instead of complicated heuristics calculations. This would have enabled readers to understand the fi ndings in a better manner and improve comprehension (Liamputtong Ezzy, 2006). However, the article was well-written and thoroughly explained which enhanced reader attention and enabled comprehension. Moreover, the calculations enhanced validity and authenticity of the results and enabled the appropriate calculation of the information needed. The methodology of the paper could have been simplified and the structure could have been improved with further sub-headings and a broader literature review (Denzin Lincoln, 2011). Thus, while the article had certain shortcomings it also had quite a few strengths in the sense of the level of expression, the level of understanding, and the quantitative analysis conducted. However, the authors of the study can improve the clarity and comprehension of the study by incorporating the recommendations mentioned and the authors should also expand upon the section on further research and include further ideas for future research. Suggestions for Further Work: The authors of this study can further conduct research upon other methods of transport or can replicate this study by implementing a qualitative methodology in the future. The authors can also conduct research on other new business activities and possibly choose topics which cater to a vaster market rather than only catering to a niche business activity. References Liamputtong, P., Ezzy, D. (2006).Qualitative research methods. New York: Oxford University Press. Daymon, C., Holloway, I. (2010).Qualitative research methods in public relations and marketing communications. Routledge. Denzin, N. K., Lincoln, Y. S. (Eds.). (2011).The SAGE handbook of qualitative research. Sage. Miller, T., Mauthner, M., Birch, M., Jessop, J. (Eds.). (2012).Ethics in qualitative research. Sage. Flick, U. (2009).An introduction to qualitative research. Sage. Alston, M., Bowles, W. (2012).Research for social workers: An introduction to methods. Allen Unwin. Delamont, S., Atkinson, P. (Eds.). (2010).SAGE Qualitative Research Methods. SAGE Publications Limited. Method of Gathering Data: The literature gathered for this critique was gathered from journals, books, and online sources. Particular keywords were used in order to find relevant sources for this critique and emphasis was given upon finding sources regarding qualitative and quantitative analysis. The literature used for this critique was thoroughly read, examined, and relevant points were extracted in order to form an analysis for the article in question. How to cite Critique on Constraint-Based Approaches for Balancing Bike-Sharing Systems, Essay examples

What Is Really Meant by Success free essay sample

We are different individuals with different views and ideas about a certain matter. And every time we are asked about our dream in life, we often say that we want to be successful In life. The question Is what is meant by success? When can we say that you are already successful? Our professor (Maam Jimenez) asked this during our last class prior to our examination in her class. We had focuser our own definitions and indicators of success. Well, some of my classmates said that we can fled success In fulfillment with hat we do, with material things, having a stable work and with happiness.I silently answered that success is having reached the goals we have set. Still, the question keeps on stirring my inner thoughts. I suddenly came into a deep thinking about it. SUCCESS Is defined as the (1 ) achievement of Intention: the achievement of something planned or attempted; (2) attainment of fame, wealth, or power: impressive achievement, especially the attainment of fame, wealth, or power; (3) something that turns out well: something that turns out as planned or Intended. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Really Meant by Success? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The first definition deals on the fulfillment of our goals and endeavors. It says that once we have reached these goals, there is already success. Yes, for whatever we do today is In connection with what we want in life. We always aim to fulfill and to reach our dreams In life, and so success comes upon achievement of such. They drive us to move further, taking the rough and rocky road, until we met the road of success. The second definition focuses on worldly things which are not that Important In life but are needed In order to survive. Either admit It or deny It, but we usually associate success with these material things. If you are rich, famous and powerful, you are successful. Its shameful to say but these are actually our indicators of success most of the time. Sometimes, the aim or desire for these dictates us to do things by hook or by crook. It can be a motivation to strive harder but let us not be blind with these material things. We need them but let us not be their slaves. The third definition Is Just a shallow definition of the word success. But It can also be likened with the first one.Its Just that in here, as long as something turns well, heres success. If you happened to solve a puzzle for example, you have succeeded. On the other hand, achievement Is something bigger and meaner. According to T. S. Eliot (1888 1965), U. S. -born British poet and playwright, success of every failure and mistake is success. Applying what we have learned from those undertakings and using them as weapon in achieving our purposes in life. Another quote about success which is worth remembering is that of Booker T. Washington (1856 1915), U. S. Educator and political activist, which says that, I have earned that success is to be measured not so much by the position that one has reached in life as by the obstacles which he has had to overcome while trying to succeed. We also have from a British hotelier, Charles Forte, who said in one of his interviews that, I may be wealthier than most but I still believe that real success is simply being able to put in a good days work And then go to sleep knowing that you have not-?and will not-?cause anything wrong to happen to anyone else. And bear in mind that failure comes with success as Tatty.

Great Gatsby (559 words) Essay Example For Students

Great Gatsby (559 words) Essay Great GatsbyThe Great Gatsby, a novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is aboutthe American Dream, and the downfall of those who attempt to reach itsillusionary goals. The attempt to capture the American Dream is central to manynovels. This dream is different for different people, but in The Great Gatsby,for Jay, the dream is that through wealth and power, one can acquire happiness. To get this happiness Jay must reach into the past and relive an old dream andin order to do this he must have wealth and power. Jay Gatsby, the centralfigure of the story, is one character who longs for the past. Surprisingly hedevotes most of his adult life trying to recapture it and, finally, dies in itspursuit. In the past, Jay had a love affair with the affluent Daisy. Knowing hecould not marry her because of the difference in their social status, he leavesher to amass wealth to reach her economic standards. Once he acquires thiswealth, he moves near to Daisy, Gatsby bought that house so that Daisywould be just across the bay, and throws extravagant parties, hoping bychance she might show up at one of them. He, himself, does not attend hisparties but watches them from a distance. When this dream doesnt happen, heasks around casually if anyone knows her. Soon he meets Nick Carraway, a cousinof Daisy, who agrees to set up a meeting, He wants to knowif youllinvite Daisy to your hou se some afternoon and then let him come over.Gatsbys personal dream symbolizes the larger American Dream where all have theopportunity to get what they want. Later, as we see in the Plaza Hotel, Jaystill believes that Daisy loves him. He is convinced of this as is shown when hetakes the blame for Myrtles death. Was Daisy driving?Yesbut of course Ill say I was. He also watches and protectsDaisy as she returns home. How long are you going to wait? Allnight if necessary. Jay cannot accept that the past is gone and done with. Jay is sure that he can capture his dream with wealth and influence. He believesthat he acted for a good beyond his personal interest and that should guaranteesuccess. Nick attempts to show Jay the folly of his dream, but Jay innocentlyreplies to Nicks assertion that the past cannot be relived by saying, Yesyou can, old sport. This shows the confidence that Jay has in fulfillinghis American Dream. For Jay, his dream is not material possessions, although itmay seem that way. He only comes into riches so that he can fulfill his truedream, Daisy. Gatsby doesnt rest until his American Dream is finally fulfilled. However, it never comes about and he ends up paying the ultimate price for it. The idea of the American Dream still holds true in todays time, be it wealth,love, or fame. But one thing never changes about the American Dream; everyonedesires something in life, and everyone, somehow, strives to get it. Gatsby is aprime example of pursuing the American Dream. It is a marvelously written storywith multiple themes. It has been described as one of the best books to come outof the United States, and I cannot dispute this. It deals with the uttershallowness of society, and the morally corrupt underbelly of the rich and thepowerful. This is an excellent story that is recommended who have the time toread it.