The Effects of Violence in Beloved Essay - 1050 Words

1 Literature concerning the lives of African Americans during and after slavery explores the many horrific acts of violence. Violence manifests itself in people both physically and psychologically. Physical wounds may heal over time, but it is the emotional scarring that begins to take a toll on the human mind. The novel, Beloved, by Toni Morrison revolves around the character of Sethe, an African American woman who recently escaped from a slave plantation. Sethes home on 124 Bluestone Road is haunted by her daughter, Beloved, whom Sethe murdered in order to keep her from the life of slavery. Toni Morrisons novel, Beloved, explores both the uses and effects of violence through multiple characters. The character of Paul D is left†¦show more content†¦2 According to Sethe’s theory of time, past traumas continue to reenact themselves indefinitely, so it is possible to stumble into someone else’s unhappy memory. This becomes evident in Chapter 3, when Denver recalls what Sethe once told about the indestructible nature of the past, â€Å"...If you go there—you who was never there—if you go there and stand in the place where it was, it will happen again; it will be there, waiting for you ...Even though it’s all over—over and done with—it’s going to always be there waiting for you† (Beloved). Although Sethe describes for Denver what â€Å"was,† she turns to the future tense and tells her that the past will â€Å"always be there waiting for you.† Sethe pictures the past as a physical presence, something that is â€Å"there,† that fills a space. Therefore leaving Denver to believe that she too will undergo the same brutality her mother once faced. Belovedâ €™s arrival confirms Denvers notion of history repeating itself. Sethe repeats her warning multiple times in a manner that demonstrates her inability to leave past thoughts of violence behind. Sethe displacing her past on Denvers present, and future are the main cause of why Denver’s fears of leaving 124 and of the community. The character of Stamp Paid makes connection between how slavery affects those both physically and mentally. Working in the Underground Railroad, Stamp Paid hadShow MoreRelatedThe Lovely Bones and Beloved Essay1739 Words   |  7 PagesA comparison of the ways that the dead affect the living in the novels Beloved by Toni Morrison and The Lovely Bones by Alice Sebold. In the novels that I have chosen to study, several themes are prominent in both. Both novels deal with a brutal murder of a young female, and the impact surrounding her death. They also deal with the idea of the dead, directly or indirectly communicating with the living. The novels address the theory that ‘ghosts’ cannot move onto the next life until they have resolvedRead More Sexuality and the Grotesque in Toni Morrisons Beloved Essay887 Words   |  4 Pages Sexuality and the Grotesque in Toni Morrisons Beloved Grotesque images of rape, murder, and sexual abuse are recurring throughout Toni Morrisons novel Beloved. The ideals of the white oppressor, be it murder, rape, or sexual abuse were powerful forces that shaped the lives of many of the characters, especially the character Sethe. Rape and sexual abuse are two grotesque instances expressed throughout the novel. The most often referred to is the incident when SchoolteacherRead MoreEssay about The Association of Maternal Bonds and Identity in Beloved1583 Words   |  7 PagesToni Morrison’s novel, Beloved, is a â€Å"haunting stray of a mother’s love that frames a series of irrelated love stories by multiple narrators† (Bell 61). The main character Sethe is a mother who fails to realize her children’s needs. She attempts to protect her children from the community amongst many other dangers such as slavery and love, however ultimately isolating them. Sethe’s character as well as actions confirms the â€Å"struggle and psychological trauma of slavery† (Napierkowski 35) from whichRead MoreToni Morrisons Beloved Essay868 Words   |  4 Pagesemotional shock causing lasting and substantial damage to a person’s psychological development. Linda Krumholz in the African American Review claims the book Beloved by Toni Morrison aids the nation in the r ecovery from our traumatic history that is blemished with unfortunate occurrences like slavery and intolerance. While this grand effect may be true, one thing that is absolute is the lesson this book preaches. Morrison’s basic message she wanted the reader to recognize is that life happens, peopleRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front By Erich Maria Remarque1469 Words   |  6 Pages In war, both violence and fear revokes a soldier’s humanity. These elements of war cause a person to shut down their emotional instincts, which causes the soldiers to mature rapidly by taking innocence along with joy and happiness in life. Through the experiences that the soldiers encounter, their humanity is compromised. Thus, as war strips soldiers of their innocence, they start to become disconnected from themselves and others. In All Quiet on the Western Front, Erich Maria Remarque illustratesRead MoreReview Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Black Cat And Fall Of The House Of Usher 1451 W ords   |  6 PagesCat†, and â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher†, along with his poem â€Å"Annabel Lee†, author Edgar Allan Poe demonstrates both perversity and fear through the use of literal and figurative imprisonment, freakishness, and obsessive love, as factors causing violence and destruction in the lives of his characters. In the â€Å"Black Cat† the narrator tells us his story from the inside of his prison cell as he awaits his trial. The narrator’s imprisonment began in a figurative form, that of a disease called alcoholismRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Beloved960 Words   |  4 PagesToni Morrison, the author of the 1987 novel Beloved, once said, â€Å"If anything I do, in the way of writing novels (or whatever I write) isn’t about the village or the community or about you, then it is not about anything. I am not interested in indulging myself in some private, closed exercise of my imagination that fulfills only the obligation of my personal dreams- which is to say yes, the work must be political.† Beloved met Morrison’s political standards as the 1980s were a decade plagued by aRead MoreThe Fanonian Conception of Race Essay1704 Words   |  7 Pagesrace are explored by being historically situated, as culturally maintained, and racial constructions as a f ixed in human ontology. Human ontology, which is the study of nature of being, reality, or the existence. Also, the coloniality of being is the effect of a coloniality on the lived experience of colonization. His racial theory might be utilized for the understanding processes of the global flows and frictions in many ways. Fanon conceptualizes race in/under colonization and decolonization and howRead More Slave Women in Harriet Jacobs Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl and Toni Morrisons Beloved1596 Words   |  7 PagesSlave Women in Harriet Jacobs Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl and Toni Morrisons Beloved Slavery was a horrible institution that dehumanized a race of people. Female slave bondage was different from that of men. It wasnt less severe, but it was different. The sexual abuse, child bearing, and child care responsibilities affected the femaless pattern of resistance and how they conducted their lives. Harriet Jacobs Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, demonstrates the different roleRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children902 Words   |  4 Pagesrestless minds. Violent video games are a conflict in modern day society because children are witnessing harsh behaviors that are conditioning them to believe it is acceptable to commit these actions displayed before their eyes. There are many health effects that are involved with participating in these products of entertainment such as an increase in aggression, poor social skills and the formation of terrible habits. The ideas that will be discussed in this essay will pertain to how children are becoming

Building A Good Relationship With Clients - 951 Words

Building a good relationship with clients can be problematic at any time, but when uncontrollable barriers exist due to a client’s race, ethnicity, or culture the counseling relationship can become even more complex and quite often compromised. Unfortunately, these barriers can be intertwined within many other factors; hence, making it hard to distinguish the relationship between one or the other. Hence, counselors should constantly seek out additional programs of training and knowledge to help them stay current and gain a more in-depth understanding of the needs in an ever changing society. Race, of course, focuses on physical characteristics that are believed to be distinct for that particular population. Unfortunately, people judge and classify others based on one of the most distinctive physical features they see first in a person, whether it is positive or negative, which is typically color or skin tone. This color association has led to horrendous inequalities and maltreatment throughout history. Society’s outlook has slowly progressed, but racism still remains on many levels; hence, counselors must be equipped with the necessary knowledge and skills to address their own biases or stereotypical views. Therefore, being proactive and utilizing training models like the race-related multicultural counseling competency can help counselors become more self-aware instead of just race aware. This particular model allows students to feel psychologically safe enough to shareShow MoreRelatedManaging Director Of An Innovative Publishing Business1542 Words   |  7 Pagessuccessful and strong relationships with its employees, clients and patients. The following essay will focus on the ‘4Rs of Reflection’ that has been used to develop a reflective analysis. The findings of which the analysis is based follows an interview with an experienced managing director of an innovativ e publishing business. The insights and examples recorded during the discussion and then evaluated afterwards using the analysis format underscore the importance of good communication in a businessRead MoreReflection On Social Work1737 Words   |  7 PagesFor clients to feel empowered, they need to feel a sense of inclusion and social justice. Social justice is defined as fair and social privileges (Farrell, 2016). This means that people have the same rights regardless of their social status, their wealth, or other factors. Inclusion is also incredibly important. Because we as human beings are naturally drawn to relationships, feeling a sense of inclusion within our social groups allows us to be empowered. Unfortunately, not everyone feels that senseRead MoreManaging The Firm s Reputation1008 Words   |  5 PagesSuccessful Client relationships in Professional Services are developed by Effective Client Management. Berkovi in his book, â€Å"Effective Management in Professional S ervices: How to Build Successful Client Relationships†, emphasises on the client’s needs and values and the importance of Developing a Culture of Client Orientation, then he investigates the impact of clients on the structure of the firm. In chapter one of the book Berkovi introduces different strategies to underpin a Client-oriented cultureRead MoreCommunication as Key to Success for the Client-Trainer Relationship1053 Words   |  5 Pagesan integral part of a client-trainer relationship. Successful fitness trainers not only help their clients achieve health and fitness goals, they are also supposed to possess great communication skills to be the person of trust and support most clients usually look for. There are a lot of fitness professionals who excel in exercise science and implementing training principles but lack skills that are essential in building great communication relationships with their clients. Although knowledge isRead MoreTime Frame1002 Words   |  5 PagesRESPONSIBLE | EXPECTED OUTCOME | REMARS | * Agency orientation * Building a relationship with them through short conversation and self introduce. * Prepare a comprehensive write up of agency profile and some informative document | 1 week | Manual of the department | AFI, Agency staff Interns. | To know the history of agency.To Familiarized the client staff. | Achieved | * Conduct intake interview with the clients. * Prepare an intake record. * Collateral Interview with other unitsRead MoreWhat Is A Headhunter?1445 Words   |  6 Pagesconsultants, mapping out markets, identifying potential candidates and sourcing relevant companies. This work is team based, with 2-3 people per project. On the other hand, a headhunting consultant will be bringing business in, marketing and managing the client. Jessica progressed from a research role and is now part of the layer between a researcher and a consultant, with the role split evenly between the two areas. Communication, confidence and judgement were three skills that were highlighted as beingRead MoreThe Five Stages Of Counseling Essay1363 Words   |  6 Pages The five stages of counseling, relationship building, assessment, goal setting, intervention, and termination form the basic counseling structure, regardless of the type of therapeutic form the therapist chooses to practice. The counseling process becomes a continuous flow from one stepping-stone to the next in order to achieve the client’s goals and improve well-being. The first stages build a foundation by establishing rapport and assessing the problem; the middle stages work toward finding solutionsRead MoreQuestions On The Coat Of Arms Essay1307 Words   |  6 Pages which is also our core value toward nursing – what nursing means to us and what nurses should possess. Above the shield, we have a nursing cap which is a common symbol of nursing. In the shield, we have a stethoscope that is surrounded by many buildings from different countries. Inside the stethoscope, we have a heart; two shaking hands and a vital sign. We also added angel wings that show how people h ave typically thought of nursing in the past and even now. Then below is the scale of justice,Read MoreThe Person Centered Therapy Approach1487 Words   |  6 Pagesis congruent with the client, (2) the therapist provides the client with unconditional positive respect, (3) the therapist shows compassionate understanding to the client (Rogers C., 1986). The person-centered therapy’s main focus is on the person versus the presenting problem. Together the therapist and client will work to solve the problem, because with this approach the therapist may not be the expert. Working together, without direct help from the therapist will the client to understand and solveRead MoreThe Effect Of Forgiveness Therapy On Depression, Anxiety, And Posttraumatic Stress For Women After Spousal Emotional Abuse891 Words   |  4 PagesForgiveness therapy is about forgiving and building up the client’s self-esteem. Whereas, alternative treatment is about building interpersonal skills and being assertive. I was also interested in article due to the high rates of psychological and emotional abuse. This article could be beneficial when working with clients, who have faced or are facing abuse and needs assistance forgiving their spouse. I felt the article helped me understand how to assist a client, who was emotionally or psychologically

The Legislative Branch free essay sample

The Legislative Process A. The first step in the legislative process is the introduction of a bill to Congress. B. A bill must pass through both houses of Congress before it goes to the President for consideration. III. Powers Of Congress A. All legislative powers in the government are controlled by Congress; making new laws or changing existing laws. B. The powers of Congress fall into three categories: special, implied, and expressed. Our Government: The Legislative Branch What is the Legislative Branch? Article I of the Constitution talks about the Legislative Branch. The Legislative Branch is the branch of the federal and state governments empowered to make the laws that are the enforced by the executive branch and interpreted by the judicial branch. The Legislative Branch consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate which forms U. S. Congress. If a states population increases, that means the number of representatives increases also. We will write a custom essay sample on The Legislative Branch or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There were 59 members at the first session of the House of Representatives. Today the House of Representatives consists of 435 members divided among the 50 states. Members of this house are elected every two years and must be at least 25 years of age. Also they must be a U. S citizen for at least seven years. The House has quite a few powers such as initiating revenue bills, and electing the President in an electoral tie. Now the Senate consists of 100 senators, 2 for every state. To become a senator, you must be at least 30 years old, a U. S citizen for at least nine years, and resides in the state that you represent. Senators are elected to six year terms by the people. Only the Senate can approve or reject treaties and presidential nominations for government offices. Senators terms are spread over a period of time so about one third of the Senate is up for reelection every two years. The vice president may cast the decisive vote in an event of a tie in the Senate because he serves as President of the Senate. In order to pass a law and send it to the President for his signature, the House of Representatives and the Senate must both agree on the law. If the President vetoes a law, they may overrule his veto by passing that law again in each chamber with at least two thirds of each body voting in favor. The Legislative Process The Legislative Process officially begins with a proposal in one of four forms: Bill, Joint Resolution, Concurrent Resolutions, and Simple Resolutions. But bills are the most common so I’m going to talk about the bill. The first step in the legislative process is the introduction of a bill. Members of the House of Representatives and the Senate both come up with a bill for consideration by the Congress. The President, head of a Federal agency, or a member of a cabinet can also propose legislation. When a bill is introduced, the title of the bill goes in the House Journal and printed into the Congressional Record. The clerk assigns the bill a legislative number and the Speaker of the House assigns the bill to the appropriate committee. Next, the bill is debated on the floor and then sent to the committee. Once the bill is revised, it is brought before the House of Representatives and Senate for consent again. The bill may be referred to a conference committee committee composed of both the House and Senate to settle differences in similar bills. Committee rejects the bills by not acting on them. The bill is then brought before both the House of Representatives and Senate for approval. Members of them both vote on the final version of the bill. If the bill is approved by the House and Senate, it is sent to the President. When the President receives the bill, he may sign, veto, or pocket veto the bill. If he signs it, the bill becomes a law. If he vetoes it, it goes back to Congress for redrafting or Congress can override the veto with two-thirds majority vote in both chambers. If the President does not return the bill to Congress with his disagreements within 10 days or so, the bill can automatically become a law. If Congress adjourns before the 10 day period, the bill is vetoed. And if Congress wants to pass this legislation, they must begin an entire new process. Once the bill is signed by the President, the laws are given public law numbers and copied in printed form as slip laws. These Public Laws are then bound into the Statues of Large. In each two-year session, thousands of bills come before Congress. Almost twelve thousand bills were introduced in Congress in one recent session. Less than five hundred were enacted into law. Powers of Congress Congress is the only part in the government that can make new laws or change existing ones. The President may veto bills Congress passes, but Congress may override a veto by two-thirds a vote in both the Senate and the House of Representatives. Congress is also empowered to pass laws deemed â€Å"necessary and proper† for the carrying out of powers given to any part of the government. Powers granted to Congress fall into three categories: implied, expressed, and special. Implied Powers are powers not listed in the Constitution. They come from and depend on expressed powers of the government. The basis for implied powers comes from the necessary and proper clause of the Constitution, Article 1, Section 8. Another name for implied powers is called the elastic clause because it stretches the power of the government. Implied powers have helped the government enhance its authority to meet the many problems and situations that the Framers unseen. Expressed Powers are those powers explicitly named in the Constitution. They grant the legislative branch a large amount of authority over American national policy, both domestic and foreign. The Constitution states that the Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes, imposts, duties, excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States; but all imposts, duties, and excises shall be uniformed throughout the United States (Brady). There are a total of 27 expressed powers listed in the Constitution. Congress retains a number of special powers. It can act as a judicial body to impeach and try a president or other civil officer for misconduct. For example, the House of Representatives impeaches the official and Senate does a trial. Congress is also empowered to create and use administrative agencies and boards, such as the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, to determine facts and to enforce its legislative policies and enactments. Other than that, the Constitution vests each house of Congress with different powers as well.   References: Collins, Philip R. Power of Congressional Committees of Investigation to Obtain Information from the Executive Branch: The Argument for the Legislative Branch. Geo. lj 39 (1950): 563. Edin, Per-Anders, and Henry Ohlsson. Political determinants of budget deficits: Coalition effects versus minority effects. European Economic Review 35.8 (1991): 1597-1603. Evans, C. Lawrence. Politics of Congressional Reform. The Legislative Branch (2005): 490-524. Cohen, Julius. Judicial Legisputation and the Dimensions of Legislative Meaning. Ind. LJ 36 (1960): 414. De Haan, Jakob, Jan-Egbert Sturm, and Geert Beekhuis. The weak government thesis: Some new evidence. Public Choice 101.3 (1999): 163-176. Schickler, Eric. Institutional Development of Congress. The Legislative Branch (2005): 35-62.

Sniffy the Virtual Rat

Introduction Scholars dealing with human and animal behavior have come up with different theories to explain how behavior is acquired or how it becomes extinct. Such scholars include BF Skinner, who advanced operant conditioning theory and Ivan Pavlov, who advanced classical conditioning theory. In this paper, classical and operant conditioning experiments shall be designed. The significance of the experiments and how they relate to human behavior and thinking shall be explained.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Sniffy the Virtual Rat specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Classical conditioning This is a behavioral learning theory advanced by Ivan Pavlov. In classical conditioning, learning takes place as a result of pairing a natural stimulus together with an environmental stimulus (Hall, 1998). In order for learning to take place, a neutral stimulus is placed before a natural stimulus. According to Cherry (2 012), behavior is learnt through association of the two stimuli. A visit to the dentist experiment Miss Y has cavities on most of her teeth. It is not the first time for her to have such a problem. In the past, she has been to the dentist and had some of the teeth with cavities extracted. The first time, she found a female doctor who extracted the tooth but she felt no pain. The second time, she found a male dentist who extracted the decayed tooth. However, the experience was not the same as the one she had during her first extraction. The male dentist extracted the tooth in a way that caused her a lot of pain. During the second time when she felt a lot of pain, Miss Y noted some of the characteristics of the dentist who performed the operation. The male dentist was wearing a white apron, had spectacles on and was from a different racial group (race A). During her subsequent visit to the dentist to have another tooth extracted, Miss Y finds another dentist that she has never met. Ho wever, the dentist is a man, wearing a white apron, with spectacles on and from race A. Before even explaining her problem to this dentist, Miss Y starts shaking due to fear. She starts feeling a lot of pain on her tooth that has not been aching while she was coming to the dentist. Miss Y is behaving in this manner because she has learnt to associate pain during teeth extraction with male dentist of a certain race. Miss Y decides to check another dentist to extract the tooth. Her next stop lands her to a lady dentist. Miss Y is now relaxed and ready to go through the process of extraction. She associates the experience is expecting to have with the past painless procedure that she underwent when the extraction was done by a lady. For the rest of the times that she visits a dentist, Miss Y requests to have a lady dentist work on her. Consequently, she claims that the extraction is always painless.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More After Miss Y has had her dental problems dealt with, she does not feel the need to continue visiting the dentist as regularly as she did. However, whenever she goes to the hospital and finds a male doctor from race A, she is gripped by intense fear and starts feeling pain in her body. On the contrary, whenever she goes to the hospital and finds a lady doctor, she is more relaxed and less fearful. She says that she feels little or no pain at all when she is treated by a lady doctor. Miss Y is conditioned that all male doctors from race A inflict pain upon their patient during treatment. On the other hand, all female doctors treat their patients with less pain. Therefore, whenever Miss Y sees a male doctor from race A, even when she does not need his services, she is filled with fear. Baby and mother experiment Another example of classical conditioning can be illustrated through a mother’s relationship with her young child. When the child is with the mother, it is naturally quiet and at times jovial. However, when the mother carries her handbag and is about to leave for work, the baby starts to cry. Every time the baby sees the mother carry her handbag, it starts to cry because it is aware that the mother is about to leave. This happens after the mother repeatedly leaves for work whenever she carries her handbag. The baby therefore associates the handbag with being left behind by the mother. After continuously pairing the handbag with the mother’s departure, the baby starts to cry whenever she sees a handbag, even when the mother is not leaving. The mother in this case is the neutral stimulus, leaving the baby behind is the unconditioned stimulus, crying the unconditioned response, the mother the conditioned stimulus and crying the conditioned response. The baby’s association of the handbag with being left behind results to generalization. In this case, the baby cries whenever the mother carries anything else that looks like a bag, even when she is not leaving. Operant conditioning Operant conditioning was first proposed by Burrhus Frederic Skinner commonly known as BF Skinner (Mcleod, 2007). Skinner drew a lot from Thorndike’s work. The most important components of operant conditioning are reinforcement, rewards and punishment. If one reinforces a certain behavior, there is likelihood for the behavior to be exhibited again. However, if behavior is not reinforced, it will most probably be weakened and eventually become extinct. Reinforcement Positive reinforcement can be demonstrated through the use of a hungry dog placed in a special box. The box has a lever that is strategically placed at the side. The rat is able to move freely inside the box. However, during some of its movement, the rat accidentally steps on the lever at the side of the box. When this happens, the rat notices a food pellet near the lever it has stepped on. The rat learns that pressing t he lever is rewarded by provision of food.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Sniffy the Virtual Rat specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, the rat continues pressing the lever as many times as possible and the outcome is still the same. In this case, the behavior of pressing the lever is reinforced because it results to something desirable. Therefore, the rat continues to press the lever every time it needs something to eat. This is an example of positive reinforcement, which strengthens a given behavior and increases its chance of recurrence. Behavior is reinforced through rewarding one’s behavior with a desirable consequence. The behavior is likely to be repeated in future if a desirable consequence is provided. Negative reinforcement According to Mcleod (2007), another way of strengthening behavior is the use of negative reinforcement. Negative reinforcement is applicable to the rat in the box experiment that we used for positive reinforcement. To introduce negative reinforcement, one would expose the rat to something that is not pleasant, for example an electric current. The lever should be set such that the electric current switches off immediately it is pressed by the rat. Therefore, the rat would learn that pressing the lever provided a way of escape from the unpleasant electric current that it is subjected to. Every time the electric current is switched on in the box, the rat will have a tendency to move to where the lever is and press it in order to escape the unpleasant conditions in the box. The action is repeated over and over again because the rat has learnt how to escape the discomfort caused by the electric current. Punishment Punishment is meant to cause a response to be weak or to make it extinct as opposed to reinforcement that is meant to increase the probability of occurrence of a behavior. There are two ways that can be used to issue out punishment. The first involves application of an unpleasant stimulus after something wrong has been done. The other one is denial of a rewarding stimulus whenever an undesired behavior is exhibited. Punishment is very similar to negative reinforcement. This type of conditioning can be used to encourage positive behavior in both animals and human beings. It can also be used to discourage negative behavior in humans and animals. Behavior learnt through operant conditioning is easily stopped when the consequences that were encouraging its occurrence are withdrawn. This is what is called extinction. These experiments enhance the classical conditioning theory advanced by Ivan Pavlov and operant conditioning advanced by Burrhus Frederic Skinner. They show that some behavior that human beings exhibit have been acquired through association of a natural stimulus with the environment as in classical conditioning.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other behaviors are become permanent or extinct due to positive or negative reinforcement and punishment, as proposed by operant conditioning theory. The theories are applicable in day to day life in both humans and animals. Conclusion The experiments support the two theories of behavior acquisition namely: classical and operant conditioning. The animal experiments conducted by BF Skinner and Ivan Pavlov relate very closely to human thinking and behavior. Reference List Cherry, K. (2012). The Little Albert Experiment: A Closer Look at the Famous Case of Little Albert. New York: About.com. Web. Hall, R. (1998). Classical Conditioning. Web. Mcleod, S. (2007). Skinner – Operant Conditioning. London: Psychology Press. Web. This research paper on Sniffy the Virtual Rat was written and submitted by user Bryant B. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.